PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Central Paratethys Stages	Ten Million Year Bins	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		European Faunal Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Cenozoic 6					0
		Northgrippian							0.0042
		Greenlandian							0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							0.0117
		Chibanian							0.129
		Calabrian							0.774
		Gelasian							1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Villanyian	2.58
		Piacenzian						Ruscinian	3.1 *
		Zanclean						Ruscinian	3.6
	Miocene	Messinian						Turolian	5.333
		Tortonian	Pannonian					Turolian	7.246
		Tortonian	Pannonian					Vallesian	8.7
		Serravallian	Sarmatian	Cenozoic 5				Astaracian	11.63
		Serravallian	Badenian						12.8 *
		Langhian							13.82
		Burdigalian						Orleanian	15.98
		Burdigalian						Agenian	20
		Aquitanian						Agenian	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Cenozoic 4					23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian		Cenozoic 4					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian		Cenozoic 3					33.9
		Bartonian		Cenozoic 3					37.71
		Lutetian		Cenozoic 2					41.2
		Ypresian		Cenozoic 2					47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Cenozoic 1					56
		Selandian							59.2
		Danian							61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Cretaceous 8					66
		Campanian		Cretaceous 7					72.1
		Santonian		Cretaceous 6					83.6
		Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian							89.8
		Cenomanian		Cretaceous 5					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Cretaceous 4					100.5
		Aptian		Cretaceous 3					113
		Barremian		Cretaceous 2					121.4
		Hauterivian		Cretaceous 2					125.77
		Valanginian		Cretaceous 1					132.6
		Berriasian		Cretaceous 1					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Jurassic 6					145
		Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5					149.2
		Oxfordian							154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
		Bathonian		Jurassic 4					165.3
		Bajocian				Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites			168.2
		Bajocian					Humphresianum		168.4
		Aalenian		Jurassic 3		Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense		174.7
						Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons			180.1
						Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum			182
		Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2		Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni			184.2
		Sinemurian		Jurassic 1		Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi			192.9
		Hettangian		Jurassic 1		Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4					201.4
		Norian		Triassic 4					208.5
		Carnian		Triassic 3					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		Triassic 2					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1					247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		Triassic 1					251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian		Permian 3	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Permian 2	273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian		Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Carboniferous 5	298.9
		Kasimovian		Carboniferous 5	303.7
		Moscovian		Carboniferous 4	307
		Bashkirian		Carboniferous 4	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Carboniferous 3	323.2
		Visean		Carboniferous 2	330.9
		Tournaisian		Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Devonian 5	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Devonian 4	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3	Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3	Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2	Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1	Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1	Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1		433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5		443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5		445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5		485.4
		Jiangshanian			489.5
		Paibian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4		497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4		500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3		509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1		529
									538.8