International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
- M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
- J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe | Central Paratethys Stages | Ammonite Chrons of North America | Permian of the Russian Platform | Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China | Permian of the Salt Range | European Faunal Units | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quaternary | Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | Tarantian | 0.0117 | |||||||||
Chibanian | Ionian | 0.129 | |||||||||||
Calabrian | 0.774 | ||||||||||||
Gelasian | 1.8 | ||||||||||||
Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | Villanyian | 2.58 | |||||||||
Ruscinian | 3.1 * | ||||||||||||
Zanclean | 3.6 | ||||||||||||
Miocene | Messinian | Turolian | 5.333 | ||||||||||
Tortonian | Pannonian | 7.246 | |||||||||||
Vallesian | 8.7 | ||||||||||||
Serravallian | Sarmatian | Astaracian | 11.63 | ||||||||||
Badenian | 12.8 * | ||||||||||||
Langhian | 13.82 | ||||||||||||
Burdigalian | Orleanian | 15.98 | |||||||||||
Agenian | 20 | ||||||||||||
Aquitanian | 20.44 | ||||||||||||
Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | 23.03 | ||||||||||
Rupelian | 27.82 | ||||||||||||
Eocene | Priabonian | 33.9 | |||||||||||
Bartonian | 37.71 | ||||||||||||
Lutetian | 41.2 | ||||||||||||
Ypresian | 47.8 | ||||||||||||
Paleocene | Thanetian | 56 | |||||||||||
Selandian | 59.2 | ||||||||||||
Danian | 61.6 | ||||||||||||
Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | 66 | ||||||||||
Campanian | 72.1 | ||||||||||||
Santonian | 83.6 | ||||||||||||
Coniacian | 86.3 | ||||||||||||
Turonian | 89.8 | ||||||||||||
Cenomanian | 93.9 | ||||||||||||
Early Cretaceous | Albian | 100.5 | |||||||||||
Aptian | 113 | ||||||||||||
Barremian | 121.4 | ||||||||||||
Hauterivian | 125.77 | ||||||||||||
Valanginian | 132.6 | ||||||||||||
Berriasian | 139.8 | ||||||||||||
Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | 145 | ||||||||||
Kimmeridgian | 149.2 | ||||||||||||
Oxfordian | 154.8 | ||||||||||||
Middle Jurassic | Callovian | 161.5 | |||||||||||
Bathonian | 165.3 | ||||||||||||
Bajocian | Epizigzagiceras | 168.2 | |||||||||||
Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense | 168.4 | ||||||||||||
Aalenian | Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni | 170.9 | |||||||||||
Early Jurassic | Toarcian | Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta | 174.7 | ||||||||||
Planulata | 179.3 * | ||||||||||||
Arnioceras arnouldi | 179.8 * | ||||||||||||
Kanense | 181.3 * | ||||||||||||
Carlottense | 182.3 * | ||||||||||||
Kunae | 183.5 * | ||||||||||||
Pliensbachian | 184.2 | ||||||||||||
Freboldi | 185.1 * | ||||||||||||
Whiteavesi/Imlayi | Tetraspidoceras | 186.2 * | |||||||||||
189.2 * | |||||||||||||
Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras | Canadensis | 190.3 * | |||||||||||
Sinemurian | 192.9 | ||||||||||||
Pseudaetomoceras | Psiloceras | 196.4 * | |||||||||||
Franziceras/Euphyllites | 196.5 * | ||||||||||||
Hettangian | 199.5 | ||||||||||||
Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | 201.4 | ||||||||||
Norian | 208.5 | ||||||||||||
Carnian | 227 | ||||||||||||
Middle Triassic | Ladinian | 237 | |||||||||||
Anisian | 242 | ||||||||||||
Early Triassic | Olenekian | 247.2 | |||||||||||
Induan | 251.2 | ||||||||||||
Kathwai | 251.5 * | ||||||||||||
Permian | Lopingian | Changhsingian | 251.902 | ||||||||||
252.4 * | |||||||||||||
Chhidru | 252.9 * | ||||||||||||
Wuchiapingian | 254.14 | ||||||||||||
Kalabagh | 255 * | ||||||||||||
Wargal | 256 * | ||||||||||||
Tatarian | Vyatkian | 256.8 * | |||||||||||
Guadalupian | Capitanian | Severodvinian | 259.51 | ||||||||||
Wordian | Urzhumian | 264.28 | |||||||||||
265.3 * | |||||||||||||
Amb | 266.1 * | ||||||||||||
Roadian | Kazanian | Povolzhian | 266.9 | ||||||||||
Sokian | 270.7 * | ||||||||||||
Cisuralian | Kungurian | Kungurian | Irenian/Ufimian | 273.01 | |||||||||
Filipovian | 276.5 * | ||||||||||||
Saraninian | 280.1 * | ||||||||||||
Artinskian | Artinskian | Sarginian | 283.5 | ||||||||||
Irginian | 285.9 * | ||||||||||||
Burtsevian | 287.8 * | ||||||||||||
Sakmarian | Sakmarian | Sterlitamakian | 290.1 | ||||||||||
Tastubian | 291.7 * | ||||||||||||
Asselian | Asselian | Shikhanian | 293.52 | ||||||||||
Uskalykian | 294.8 | ||||||||||||
Surenian | 297.5 | ||||||||||||
Carboniferous | Pennsylvanian | Gzhelian | Mapingian † | 298.9 | |||||||||
Kasimovian | 303.7 | ||||||||||||
305.9 |