PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Precambrian of Russia	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Central Paratethys Stages	Cambrian of Australia	Silurian of North America		Permian of the Pamirs	Ten Million Year Bins
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan									Cenozoic 6	0
				Northgrippian										0.0042
				Greenlandian										0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Tarantian									0.0117
				Chibanian	Ionian									0.129
				Calabrian										0.774
				Gelasian										1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
			Miocene	Messinian										5.333
				Tortonian				Pannonian						7.246
				Serravallian				Sarmatian					Cenozoic 5	11.63
				Serravallian				Badenian						12.8 *
				Langhian										13.82
				Burdigalian										15.98
				Aquitanian										20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									Cenozoic 4	23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian									Cenozoic 4	27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian									Cenozoic 3	33.9
				Bartonian									Cenozoic 3	37.71
				Lutetian									Cenozoic 2	41.2
				Ypresian									Cenozoic 2	47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian									Cenozoic 1	56
				Selandian										59.2
				Danian										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									Cretaceous 8	66
				Campanian									Cretaceous 7	72.1
				Santonian									Cretaceous 6	83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian									Cretaceous 5	93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									Cretaceous 4	100.5
				Aptian									Cretaceous 3	113
				Barremian									Cretaceous 2	121.4
				Hauterivian									Cretaceous 2	125.77
				Valanginian									Cretaceous 1	132.6
				Berriasian									Cretaceous 1	139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									Jurassic 6	145
				Kimmeridgian									Jurassic 5	149.2
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Bathonian									Jurassic 4	165.3
				Bajocian									Jurassic 4	168.2
				Aalenian									Jurassic 3	170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian									Jurassic 3	174.7
				Pliensbachian									Jurassic 2	184.2
				Sinemurian									Jurassic 1	192.9
				Hettangian									Jurassic 1	199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									Triassic 4	201.4
				Norian									Triassic 4	208.5
				Carnian									Triassic 3	227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian									Triassic 2	237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian									Triassic 2	242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian									Triassic 1	247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan									Triassic 1	251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Dorashamian	Permian 4	251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								Dzhulfian		254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian								Midian		259.51
				Wordian								Midian		264.28
				Wordian								Murgabian		266.2 *
				Roadian								Murgabian	Permian 3	266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian								Kubergandian	Permian 2	273.01
				Kungurian								Bolorian		279.8
				Artinskian								Bolorian		283.5
Yakhtashian				Artinskian		286
Sakmarian				Sakmarian		290.1
Asselian				Asselian		Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Carboniferous 5	298.9
			Kasimovian			Carboniferous 5	303.7
			Moscovian		Carboniferous 4	307
			Bashkirian		Carboniferous 4	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Carboniferous 3	323.2
			Visean		Carboniferous 2	330.9
			Tournaisian		Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		Devonian 5	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		Devonian 4	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Srbsko	Devonian 3	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Chotec	Devonian 3	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Daleje/Zlichovian	Devonian 2	393.3
			Pragian		Pragian	Devonian 1	407.6
			Lochkovian		Lochkovian	Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli				Cayugan	Silurian 2	419.2
		Pridoli				Niagaran		422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					Lockportian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				Ontarian	Silurian 1	433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
									Alexandrian	438.7 *
						Medinan	Clinton			440.1 *
										440.7 *
			Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Ordovician 5	443.8
			Katian						Ordovician 5	445.2
			Sandbian						Ordovician 4	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Ordovician 3	458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						Ordovician 2	467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian						Ordovician 2	470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						Ordovician 1	477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10						Datsonian	Cambrian 5	485.4
			Stage 10						Payntonian		486.8 *
			Jiangshanian						Iverian		489.5
			Paibian						Idamean		494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Mindyallan	Cambrian 4	497
			Guzhangian						Boomerangian		499
			Drumian						Undillan		500.5
			Drumian						Floran		503
			Wuliuan						Templetonian	Cambrian 3	504.5
			Wuliuan						Ordian		507.8 *
		Series 2	Stage 4						Ordian		509
			Stage 4								510.8 *
			Stage 3							Cambrian 2	514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2							Cambrian 2	521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian							Cambrian 1	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian									Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau	1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian									Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian									Burzyan	1375
														1400