PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Devonian of Germany	Permian of China	Carboniferous of North America	Cambrian of Britain		Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Precambrian of Russia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Tarantian										0.0117
				Chibanian	Ionian										0.129
				Calabrian											0.774
				Gelasian											1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
			Miocene	Messinian											5.333
				Tortonian											7.246
				Serravallian											11.63
				Langhian											13.82
				Burdigalian											15.98
				Aquitanian											20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
				Bartonian											37.71
				Lutetian											41.2
				Ypresian											47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian											56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Pliensbachian											184.2
				Sinemurian											192.9
				Hettangian											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian											208.5
				Carnian											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Meishanian						251.902
				Changhsingian					Baoqingian						253.4 *
				Wuchiapingian					Laoshanian						254.14
				Wuchiapingian					Laibinian						257.7 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian					Lengwuan						259.51
				Wordian					Kuhfengian						264.28
				Roadian					Kuhfengian						266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian					Luodianian						273.01
				Artinskian					Luodianian						283.5
				Artinskian					Longlinian						285.4 *
				Sakmarian					Longlinian						290.1
				Asselian					Zisongian	Bursumian †					293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Zisongian	Virgilian					298.9
				Gzhelian		300.1				Virgilian
				Kasimovian		Missourian	303.7
				Kasimovian	Desmoinesian	305.9 *
				Moscovian	Desmoinesian	307
				Moscovian	Atokan	312.7 *
				Bashkirian	Atokan	315.2
				Bashkirian	Morrowan	318.4 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian	323.2
				Visean	Chesterian	330.9
					Meramecian	335.8 *
					Osagean	343.1 *
				Tournaisian	Osagean	346.7
				Tournaisian	Kinderhookian	351.9 *
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf		372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian	Srbsko		Givetian	382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Chotec		Eifelian	387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian	Daleje/Zlichovian		Emsian	393.3
				Pragian	Pragian		Siegen	407.6
				Lochkovian	Lochkovian		Gedinnine	410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
			Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
			Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
			Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
			Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
				Aeronian				438.5
				Rhuddanian				440.8
		Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
				Katian				445.2
				Sandbian				453
			Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
			Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
			Early Ordovician	Floian				470
			Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				Ungurian	477.7
		Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Batyrbaian	485.4
				Stage 10					Festiniogian		489.2 *
				Jiangshanian							489.5
										Aksaian	490.7 *
										Sakian	492.2 *
									Maentwrogian		493.1 *
				Paibian					Maentwrogian		494
			Miaolingian	Guzhangian				St Davids		Ayusokkanian	497
										Ayusokkanian	Arcadian	498.4
												499.5
				Drumian						Zhanaarykian		500.5
				Drumian						Tuesaian		503
				Wuliuan						Tuesaian		504.5
				Wuliuan								505.3
			Series 2	Stage 4				Branchian			Caerfai	509
										Toyonian		510 *
	Botomian									512.5 *
	Botomian			Stage 3						514
	Atdabanian									515.6 *
	Atdabanian							Placentian		517.1
	Terreneuvian		Stage 2	Tommotian						521
			Stage 2							525.5
			Fortunian							529
	Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian	538.8
			Cryogenian											635
			Tonian											720
			Tonian										Karatau	800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										Karatau	1000
			Stenian										Yurmatian	1100
Ectasian			1200										Yurmatian
Ectasian			Burzyan										1375
															1400