PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Ordovician of China			Central Paratethys Stages	Cambrian of Australia	Permian of Western Europe	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cretaceous Subepochs	Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Tarantian											0.0117
		Chibanian	Ionian											0.129
		Calabrian												0.774
		Gelasian												1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian					Pannonian							7.246
		Serravallian					Sarmatian							11.63
		Serravallian					Badenian							12.8 *
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
		Bartonian												37.71
		Lutetian												41.2
		Ypresian												47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian												56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										Senonian		66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										Gallic		100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian										Neocomian		125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian												184.2
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									Melekhovian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							Zechstein					254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							Rotliegendes					259.51
		Wordian												264.28
		Wordian									Noginskian			264.9 *
		Roadian												266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian												273.01
		Kungurian									Pavlovoposadian			276.8 *
		Artinskian							Autunian		Pavlovoposadian			283.5
		Artinskian									Rusavkinian			287.6 *
		Sakmarian												290.1
		Asselian												293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Kasimovian			Dorogomilovian	303.7
			Khamovnikian		304.8
			Krevyakinian		305.8 *
		Moscovian	Myachkovian		307
			Podolskian		308.9 *
			Kashirian		311.4 *
			Vereian		313.8
			Melekessian		314.8
		Bashkirian	Melekessian		315.2
			Cheremshanian		316.9 *
			Prikamian		318.6 *
			Severokeltmian		319.9 *
			Krasnopolyanian		321.2 *
			Voznesenian		321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Zapaltjubian		323.2
			Protvian		324.4 *
			Steshevian		326.8 *
			Tarusian		329 *
		Visean	Venevian		330.9
			Mikhailovian		331.9 *
			Aleksinian		333.7 *
			Tulian		335.8 *
			Bobrikian		339.9 *
			Radaevkian		343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Kosvian		346.7
			Kizelian		350.7 *
			Cherepetian		351.9 *
			Karakubian		354.4 *
			Upinian		356.3 *
			Malevkian		357.6 *
			Gumerovian		358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian			Chientangkiangian				Rawtheyan	445.2
									Cautleyan	448.9 *
									Pusgillian	449.3 *
					Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				Pusgillian	449.5
								Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
									Cheneyan		451.5 *
									Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian									453
										Actonian †	453.2 *
										Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
										Longvillian †		455.2 *
									Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
									Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
						Guniu †/Hulo			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
						Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo					466.3 *
		Dapingian		Dapingian	467.3
		Dapingian		Dapingian	Arenig			Fennian	468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Yiyangian				Fennian	470
								Whitlandian	471.1 *
								Moridunian	474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Xinchangian	Tremadoc			Migneintian	477.7
							Lianghekou †	Migneintian	477.9 *
								Cressagian	480.8 *
									485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Datsonian			485.4
		Stage 10							Payntonian			486.8 *
		Jiangshanian							Iverian			489.5
		Paibian							Idamean			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Mindyallan			497
									Mindyallan			Arcadian	498.4
									Boomerangian				499
		Drumian							Undillan				500.5
		Drumian							Floran				503
		Wuliuan							Templetonian				504.5
		Wuliuan							Ordian				507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4							Ordian			Branchian	509
		Stage 4											510.8 *
		Stage 3											514
		Stage 3										Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian											529
														538.8