International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
- F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe | Permian of the Pamirs | Silurian Ages of Europe | Mammal Paleogene Zones | Carboniferous of North America | Silurian of England | Central Paratethys Stages | European Faunal Units | Devonian of Germany | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quaternary | Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | Tarantian | 0.0117 | ||||||||||
Chibanian | Ionian | 0.129 | ||||||||||||
Calabrian | 0.774 | |||||||||||||
Gelasian | 1.8 | |||||||||||||
Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | Villanyian | 2.58 | ||||||||||
Ruscinian | 3.1 * | |||||||||||||
Zanclean | 3.6 | |||||||||||||
Miocene | Messinian | Turolian | 5.333 | |||||||||||
Tortonian | Pannonian | 7.246 | ||||||||||||
Vallesian | 8.7 | |||||||||||||
Serravallian | Sarmatian | Astaracian | 11.63 | |||||||||||
Badenian | 12.8 * | |||||||||||||
Langhian | 13.82 | |||||||||||||
Burdigalian | Orleanian | 15.98 | ||||||||||||
Agenian | 20 | |||||||||||||
Aquitanian | 20.44 | |||||||||||||
Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26 | MP 25 | 23.03 | |||||||||
Rupelian | MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21 | 27.82 | ||||||||||||
Eocene | Priabonian | MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A | 33.9 | |||||||||||
Bartonian | MP 16 | 37.71 | ||||||||||||
Lutetian | MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11 | 41.2 | ||||||||||||
Ypresian | MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7 | 47.8 | ||||||||||||
Paleocene | Thanetian | MP 6 | MP 1 - 5 | 56 | ||||||||||
Selandian | 59.2 | |||||||||||||
Danian | 61.6 | |||||||||||||
Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | 66 | |||||||||||
Campanian | 72.1 | |||||||||||||
Santonian | 83.6 | |||||||||||||
Coniacian | 86.3 | |||||||||||||
Turonian | 89.8 | |||||||||||||
Cenomanian | 93.9 | |||||||||||||
Early Cretaceous | Albian | 100.5 | ||||||||||||
Aptian | 113 | |||||||||||||
Barremian | 121.4 | |||||||||||||
Hauterivian | 125.77 | |||||||||||||
Valanginian | 132.6 | |||||||||||||
Berriasian | 139.8 | |||||||||||||
Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | 145 | |||||||||||
Kimmeridgian | 149.2 | |||||||||||||
Oxfordian | 154.8 | |||||||||||||
Middle Jurassic | Callovian | 161.5 | ||||||||||||
Bathonian | 165.3 | |||||||||||||
Bajocian | 168.2 | |||||||||||||
Aalenian | 170.9 | |||||||||||||
Early Jurassic | Toarcian | 174.7 | ||||||||||||
Pliensbachian | 184.2 | |||||||||||||
Sinemurian | 192.9 | |||||||||||||
Hettangian | 199.5 | |||||||||||||
Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | 201.4 | |||||||||||
Norian | 208.5 | |||||||||||||
Carnian | 227 | |||||||||||||
Middle Triassic | Ladinian | 237 | ||||||||||||
Anisian | 242 | |||||||||||||
Early Triassic | Olenekian | 247.2 | ||||||||||||
Induan | 251.2 | |||||||||||||
Permian | Lopingian | Changhsingian | Dorashamian | 251.902 | ||||||||||
Wuchiapingian | Dzhulfian | 254.14 | ||||||||||||
Guadalupian | Capitanian | Midian | 259.51 | |||||||||||
Wordian | 264.28 | |||||||||||||
Murgabian | 266.2 * | |||||||||||||
Roadian | 266.9 | |||||||||||||
Cisuralian | Kungurian | Kubergandian | 273.01 | |||||||||||
Bolorian | 279.8 | |||||||||||||
Artinskian | 283.5 | |||||||||||||
Yakhtashian | 286 | |||||||||||||
Sakmarian | Sakmarian | 290.1 | ||||||||||||
Asselian | Asselian | Bursumian † | 293.52 | |||||||||||
Carboniferous | Pennsylvanian | Gzhelian | Virgilian | 298.9 | ||||||||||
Kasimovian | Missourian | 303.7 | ||||||||||||
Desmoinesian | 305.9 * | |||||||||||||
Moscovian | 307 | |||||||||||||
Atokan | 312.7 * | |||||||||||||
Bashkirian | 315.2 | |||||||||||||
Morrowan | 318.4 * | |||||||||||||
Mississippian | Serpukhovian | Chesterian | 323.2 | |||||||||||
Visean | 330.9 | |||||||||||||
Meramecian | 335.8 * | |||||||||||||
Osagean | 343.1 * | |||||||||||||
Tournaisian | 346.7 | |||||||||||||
Kinderhookian | 351.9 * | |||||||||||||
Devonian | Late Devonian | Famennian | Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden | 358.9 | ||||||||||
Frasnian | Adorf | 372.2 | ||||||||||||
Middle Devonian | Givetian | Givetian | 382.7 | |||||||||||
Eifelian | Eifelian | 387.7 | ||||||||||||
Early Devonian | Emsian | Emsian | 393.3 | |||||||||||
Pragian | Siegen | 407.6 | ||||||||||||
Lochkovian | Gedinnine | 410.8 | ||||||||||||
Silurian | Pridoli | Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle | Whitcliffe/Leintwardine | 419.2 | ||||||||||
Bringewood/Elton | 421.3 | |||||||||||||
Ludlow | Ludfordian | Coalbrookdale | Wenlock (England)/Tickwood | 423 | ||||||||||
Gorstian | 425.6 | |||||||||||||
Buildwas | 426.4 * | |||||||||||||
Wenlock | Homerian | Gleedonian | 427.4 | |||||||||||
Wych | Woolhope | 428.4 * | ||||||||||||
Whitwellian | 429.7 * | |||||||||||||
Sheinwoodian | 430.5 | |||||||||||||
Llandovery | Telychian | 433.4 | ||||||||||||
436.3 * | ||||||||||||||
Aeronian | 438.5 | |||||||||||||
Cowleigh Park | 439.3 * | |||||||||||||
Rhuddanian | 440.8 | |||||||||||||
443.8 |