PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Mammal Paleogene Zones		Precambrian of Russia	Cambrian of Siberia		Cenozoic Subepochs	European Faunal Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Late Pleistocene		0.0117
				Chibanian						Middle Pleistocene		0.129
				Calabrian						Early Pleistocene		0.774
				Gelasian						Early Pleistocene		1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Late Pliocene	Villanyian	2.58
				Piacenzian						Late Pliocene	Ruscinian	3.1 *
				Zanclean						Early Pliocene	Ruscinian	3.6
			Miocene	Messinian						Late Miocene	Turolian	5.333
				Tortonian							Turolian	7.246
				Tortonian							Vallesian	8.7
				Serravallian						Middle Miocene	Astaracian	11.63
				Langhian						Middle Miocene	Astaracian	13.82
				Burdigalian						Early Miocene	Orleanian	15.98
				Burdigalian							Agenian	20
				Aquitanian							Agenian	20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25				Late Oligocene		23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian	MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25				Early Oligocene		27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian	MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A					Late Eocene		33.9
				Bartonian	MP 16					Middle Eocene		37.71
				Lutetian	MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11					Middle Eocene		41.2
				Ypresian	MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7					Early Eocene		47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian	MP 6	MP 1 - 5				Late Paleocene		56
				Selandian						Middle Paleocene		59.2
				Danian						Early Paleocene		61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								66
				Campanian								72.1
				Santonian								83.6
				Coniacian								86.3
				Turonian								89.8
				Cenomanian								93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian								100.5
				Aptian								113
				Barremian								121.4
				Hauterivian								125.77
				Valanginian								132.6
				Berriasian								139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								145
				Kimmeridgian								149.2
				Oxfordian								154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
				Bathonian								165.3
				Bajocian								168.2
				Aalenian								170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian								174.7
				Pliensbachian								184.2
				Sinemurian								192.9
				Hettangian								199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								201.4
				Norian								208.5
				Carnian								227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian								237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian								242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian								247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan								251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian								259.51
				Wordian								264.28
				Roadian								266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian								273.01
				Artinskian								283.5
				Sakmarian								290.1
				Asselian								293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
Kasimovian				303.7
Moscovian				307
Bashkirian				315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
		Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
			Aeronian	438.5
			Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian	445.2
			Sandbian	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian	470
			Tremadocian	477.7
			Tremadocian	Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Late Cambrian	485.4
			Jiangshanian	Batyrbaian				489.5
				Aksaian				490.7 *
				Sakian				492.2 *
			Paibian					494
			Paibian			Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian			Middle Cambrian	497
			Guzhangian	Mayan/Menevian				499.5
			Drumian	Mayan/Menevian				500.5
			Wuliuan	Amgan/Solvan				504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	Amgan/Solvan			Early Cambrian	509
				Toyonian	Lenian †			510 *
				Botomian				512.5 *
			Stage 3	Botomian				514
			Stage 3	Atdabanian				515.6 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian				521
			Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian				525.5
			Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran			Vendian				538.8
		Cryogenian							635
		Tonian							720
		Tonian			Karatau				800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian			Karatau				1000
		Stenian			Yurmatian				1100
		Ectasian			Yurmatian				1200
		Ectasian			Burzyan				1375
												1400