PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Mammal Paleogene Zones		Ordovician of Britain				Precambrian of Russia	Cenozoic Subepochs	Carboniferous of China
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Late Pleistocene		0.0117
				Chibanian								Middle Pleistocene		0.129
				Calabrian								Early Pleistocene		0.774
				Gelasian								Early Pleistocene		1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Late Pliocene		2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean								Early Pliocene		3.6
			Miocene	Messinian								Late Miocene		5.333
				Tortonian								Late Miocene		7.246
				Serravallian								Middle Miocene		11.63
				Langhian								Middle Miocene		13.82
				Burdigalian								Early Miocene		15.98
				Aquitanian								Early Miocene		20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25						Late Oligocene		23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian	MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25						Early Oligocene		27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian	MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A							Late Eocene		33.9
				Bartonian	MP 16							Middle Eocene		37.71
				Lutetian	MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11							Middle Eocene		41.2
				Ypresian	MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7							Early Eocene		47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian	MP 6	MP 1 - 5						Late Paleocene		56
				Selandian								Middle Paleocene		59.2
				Danian								Early Paleocene		61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
				Campanian										72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
				Kimmeridgian										149.2
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian										168.2
				Aalenian										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
				Pliensbachian										184.2
				Sinemurian										192.9
				Hettangian										199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
				Norian										208.5
				Carnian										227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian										254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian										259.51
				Wordian										264.28
				Roadian										266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian										273.01
				Artinskian										283.5
				Sakmarian										290.1
				Asselian										293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian										298.9
				Gzhelian									Xiaodushanian	300 *
				Kasimovian									Xiaodushanian	303.7
				Kasimovian									Dalaun	305.8 *
Moscovian				307
Bashkirian				315.2
				Huashibanian			318.5 *
				Lousuan			321.2 *
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Dewunian			323.2
			Serpukhovian	Shangsian			330.8 *
			Visean	Shangsian			330.9
			Visean	Jiusian			335 *
			Tournaisian	Tangbagouan			346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
			Pragian				407.6
			Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian		Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian			Rawtheyan	445.2
						Cautleyan	448.9 *
						Pusgillian	449.3 *
					Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
						Cheneyan		451.5 *
						Burrellian		452.7 *
			Sandbian					453
							Actonian †	453.2 *
							Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
							Longvillian †		455.2 *
						Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
						Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
			Darriwilian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
			Dapingian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
			Dapingian		Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian			Fennian			470
						Whitlandian			471.1 *
						Moridunian			474.3 *
			Tremadocian		Tremadoc	Migneintian			477.7
					Tremadoc	Cressagian			480.8 *
									485 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10						Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10							Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian							Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian							Steptoean	493 *
	Paibian		494							Steptoean
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Marjumian						Albertian †	497
		Drumian	Marjumian							500.5
		Wuliuan	Topazan							504.5
		Wuliuan	Delamaran							506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Delamaran						Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4	Dyeran							511 *
		Stage 3	Dyeran							514
			Montezuman							514.8 *
			Begadean							519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian			538.8
		Cryogenian											635
		Tonian											720
		Tonian								Karatau			800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian								Karatau			1000
		Stenian								Yurmatian			1100
		Ectasian								Yurmatian			1200
		Ectasian								Burzyan			1375
														1400