PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Mammal Paleogene Zones		Devonian of Germany	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian Subages of Germany
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan									0
				Northgrippian									0.0042
				Greenlandian									0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Late Pleistocene					0.0117
				Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene					0.129
				Calabrian				Early Pleistocene					0.774
				Gelasian				Early Pleistocene					1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Late Pliocene					2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean				Early Pliocene					3.6
			Miocene	Messinian				Late Miocene					5.333
				Tortonian				Late Miocene					7.246
				Serravallian				Middle Miocene					11.63
				Langhian				Middle Miocene					13.82
				Burdigalian				Early Miocene					15.98
				Aquitanian				Early Miocene					20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25		Late Oligocene					23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian	MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25		Early Oligocene					27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian	MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A			Late Eocene					33.9
				Bartonian	MP 16			Middle Eocene					37.71
				Lutetian	MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11			Middle Eocene					41.2
				Ypresian	MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7			Early Eocene					47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian	MP 6	MP 1 - 5		Late Paleocene					56
				Selandian				Middle Paleocene					59.2
				Danian				Early Paleocene					61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
				Campanian									72.1
				Santonian									83.6
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
				Cenomanian									93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
				Aptian									113
				Barremian									121.4
				Hauterivian									125.77
				Valanginian									132.6
				Berriasian									139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						Oteke	Puaroan		145
				Kimmeridgian						Oteke	Puaroan		149.2
										Kawhia	Ohauan		150
											Heterian		154.5
				Oxfordian									154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
				Callovian							Temaikan		164.3
				Bathonian									165.3
				Bajocian									168.2
				Aalenian									170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
				Toarcian						Herangi	Ururoan		176
				Pliensbachian							Ururoan		184.2
				Pliensbachian							Aratauran		188.9
				Sinemurian									192.9
				Hettangian									199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						Balfour	Otapirian		201.4
				Norian							Warepan		208.5
											Otamitan		217
											Oretian		221
				Carnian							Oretian		227
				Carnian						Gore	Kaihikuan		227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian							Kaihikuan		237
				Ladinian							Etalian		238
				Anisian							Etalian		242
				Anisian							Malakovian		246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian							Malakovian		247.2
				Olenekian							Nelsonian		249
Induan				251.2							Nelsonian
Induan				DUrville			Makarewan		251.5
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Makarewan		Buntsandstein	251.902
			Changhsingian				Waiitian			253.2
			Wuchiapingian				Waiitian			254.14
			Wuchiapingian				Puruhauan			254.2
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima			Flettian		Ohre/Aller	259.51
			Wordian				Flettian		Leine	264.28
			Wordian				Barettian		Leine	266
			Roadian							266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian							273.01
			Kungurian				Mangapirian			276
			Artinskian				Mangapirian			283.5
							Telfordian			285
										288.5
			Sakmarian							290.1
			Asselian							293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
			Kasimovian							303.7
			Moscovian							307
			Bashkirian							315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian							323.2
			Visean		330.9
			Tournaisian		346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Emsian	393.3
			Pragian		Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian		Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
			Katian			445.2
			Sandbian			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian			470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan		485.4
			Stage 10					Sunwaptan		487.5
			Jiangshanian					Sunwaptan		489.5
			Jiangshanian					Steptoean		493 *
			Paibian					Steptoean		494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Marjumian		Albertian †		497
			Guzhangian							Arcadian	498.4
			Drumian								500.5
			Wuliuan			Topazan					504.5
			Wuliuan			Delamaran					506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4			Delamaran		Branchian		Waucoban †	509
			Stage 4			Dyeran					511 *
			Stage 3			Dyeran					514
						Montezuman					514.8 *
						Montezuman		Placentian			517.1
						Begadean					519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										1000
		Ectasian										1200
		Calymmian										1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian										1600
		Orosirian										1800
		Rhyacian										2050
		Siderian							2300
Archean	Neoarchean								2500
	Mesoarchean								2800
	Paleoarchean								3200
	Eoarchean								3600
Hadean				4000
													4600