PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Mammal Paleogene Zones		Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Precambrian of Russia	Silurian of North America			Permian of the Pamirs	Ordovician of the Baltic				Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan															Wanganui	Haweran	0
				Northgrippian																	0.0042
				Greenlandian																	0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																	0.0117
				Chibanian																	0.129
				Chibanian																Castlecliffian	0.34
				Calabrian																Castlecliffian	0.774
				Calabrian																Nukumaruan	1.63
				Gelasian																Nukumaruan	1.8
				Gelasian																Mangapanian	2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																Mangapanian	2.58
				Piacenzian																Waipipian	3
				Zanclean																Waipipian	3.6
				Zanclean																Opoitian	3.7
			Miocene	Messinian															Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
				Messinian																Tongaporutuan	7.2
				Tortonian																Tongaporutuan	7.246
				Tortonian															Southland	Waiauan	11.04
				Serravallian																Waiauan	11.63
				Serravallian																Lillburnian	13.05
				Langhian																Lillburnian	13.82
																				Clifdenian	15.1
																			Pareora	Altonian	15.9
				Burdigalian																Altonian	15.98
				Burdigalian																Otaian	18.7
				Aquitanian																Otaian	20.44
				Aquitanian															Landon	Waitakian	21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25														Waitakian	23.03
																				Duntroonian	25.2
																				Whaingaroan	27.3
				Rupelian	MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21																27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian	MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A																33.9
																			Arnold	Runangan	34.6
																				Kaiatan	36.7
				Bartonian	MP 16															Kaiatan	37.71
				Bartonian	MP 16															Bortonian	39.1
				Lutetian	MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11															Bortonian	41.2
																			Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
																				Heretaungan	45.7
				Ypresian	MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7															Heretaungan	47.8
																				Mangaorapan	48.9
																				Waipawan	52
			Paleocene	Thanetian	MP 6	MP 1 - 5														Teurian	56
				Selandian																	59.2
				Danian																	61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															Mata	Haumurian	66
				Campanian																Haumurian	72.1
				Santonian																Piripauan	83.6
				Santonian															Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
				Coniacian																	86.3
				Turonian																	89.8
																				Mangaotanean	90.5
																				Arowhanan	93.7
				Cenomanian																Arowhanan	93.9
																			Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
																				Motuan	99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																Motuan	100.5
																				Urutawan	103.3
																			Taitai	Korangan	108.4
				Aptian																Korangan	113
				Aptian																	117.5
				Barremian																	121.4
				Hauterivian																	125.77
				Valanginian																	132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
			Kimmeridgian				149.2
			Oxfordian				154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
			Bathonian				165.3
			Bajocian				168.2
			Aalenian				170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
			Pliensbachian				184.2
			Sinemurian				192.9
			Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
			Norian				208.5
			Carnian				227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Dorashamian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Dzhulfian	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian				Midian	259.51
			Wordian				Midian	264.28
			Wordian				Murgabian	266.2 *
			Roadian				Murgabian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian				Kubergandian	273.01
			Kungurian				Bolorian	279.8
			Artinskian				Bolorian	283.5
			Artinskian				Yakhtashian	286
			Sakmarian				Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian				Asselian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Mapingian †		298.9
			Kasimovian				Mapingian †		303.7
			Kasimovian						305.9
			Moscovian						307
			Bashkirian						315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
			Visean						330.9
			Tournaisian						346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian						Srbsko	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Chotec	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Daleje/Zlichovian				393.3
			Pragian		Pragian				407.6
			Lochkovian		Lochkovian	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli			Cayugan				419.2
		Pridoli			Niagaran				422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						Lockportian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						Ontarian	433.4
			Aeronian							438.5
										Alexandrian	438.7 *
					Medinan				Clinton		440.1 *
											440.7 *
			Rhuddanian								440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian									Pirgu	445.2
												Vormsi	449.6 *
												Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
											Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
												Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian									Keila	Idavere †	453
				Haljala								453.9
				Kukruse								456.4 *
				Uhaku								Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Uhaku									458.4
				Lasnamagi									458.9 *
				Aseri									460.4 *
				Oeland							Kunda		462.9 *
											Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
											Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian								Volkhov			467.3
			Dapingian								Billingen			469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian											470
												Latorp †		470.1 *
											Hunneberg			473.7 *
			Tremadocian								Hunneberg			477.7
											Varangu			481.3 *
											Pakerort			482.2 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Pakerort			485.4
											486.3 *
											486.5
			Jiangshanian								489.5
			Paibian								494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian								497
			Drumian								500.5
			Wuliuan								504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4								509
		Series 2	Stage 3								514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
	Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Poundian †	Vendian	538.8
			Ediacaran					Wonokan †							Vendian †	571.7 *	Vendian
			Cryogenian														635
			Tonian				720
			Tonian				Karatau									800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian				Karatau									1000
			Stenian				Yurmatian									1100
			Ectasian				Yurmatian									1200
			Ectasian				Burzyan									1375
																					1400