PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			European Faunal Zones	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		European Faunal Units	Ordovician of the Baltic				Ordovician of China			Mammal Paleogene Zones		Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Chibanian														Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Calabrian														Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Gelasian	MN 17													Early Pleistocene	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	MN 16			Villanyian										Late Pliocene	2.58
			MN 16			Ruscinian											3.1 *
			MN 15														3.2
		Zanclean	MN 15													Early Pliocene	3.6
			MN 14														4.2
			MN 13														4.9
	Miocene	Messinian	MN 13			Turolian										Late Miocene	5.333
		Tortonian	MN 12														7.246
			MN 11														7.75
			MN 10			Vallesian											8.7
			MN 9														9.7
			MN 7 + 8														11.1
		Serravallian	MN 7 + 8			Astaracian										Middle Miocene	11.63
		Serravallian	MN 6														12.8 *
		Langhian	MN 5														13.82
		Burdigalian	MN 4			Orleanian										Early Miocene	15.98
			MN 3			Orleanian											16.9
			MN 2			Agenian											20
		Aquitanian	MN 2														20.44
		Aquitanian	MN 1														22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25	Late Oligocene	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian												MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25	Early Oligocene	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A		Late Eocene	33.9
		Bartonian												MP 16		Middle Eocene	37.71
		Lutetian												MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11		Middle Eocene	41.2
		Ypresian												MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7		Early Eocene	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian												MP 6	MP 1 - 5	Late Paleocene	56
		Selandian														Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Danian														Early Paleocene	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Oteke	Puaroan												145
		Kimmeridgian		Oteke	Puaroan												149.2
				Kawhia	Ohauan												150
					Heterian												154.5
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Callovian			Temaikan												164.3
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian															168.2
		Aalenian															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan												176
		Pliensbachian			Ururoan												184.2
		Pliensbachian			Aratauran												188.9
		Sinemurian															192.9
		Hettangian															199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour	Otapirian												201.4
		Norian			Warepan												208.5
					Otamitan												217
					Oretian		221
		Carnian			Oretian		227
		Carnian		Gore	Kaihikuan		227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Kaihikuan		237
		Ladinian			Etalian		238
		Anisian			Etalian		242
		Anisian			Malakovian		246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Malakovian		247.2
		Olenekian			Nelsonian		249
		Induan			Nelsonian		251.2
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan		251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Makarewan		251.902
		Changhsingian			Waiitian		253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian		254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan		254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian		259.51
		Wordian			Flettian		264.28
		Wordian			Barettian		266
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Kungurian			Mangapirian		276
		Artinskian			Mangapirian		283.5
					Telfordian		285
							288.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Harju			Porkuni	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian				Pirgu	Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
						Pirgu	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang					449.5
						Vormsi						449.6 *
						Vormsi				Berounian		449.7 *
						Nabala						Johvi †	450 *
			Viru			Rakvere							450.6 *
						Oandu							452 *
		Sandbian				Keila						Idavere †	453
						Haljala							453.9
						Haljala							Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
						Kukruse									456.4 *
						Uhaku						Aluoja †			457.5 *
											Liben †				458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo							458.4
										Dobrotivian					458.5 *
						Lasnamagi				Dobrotivian					458.9 *
						Lasnamagi				Oretanian					459.7 *
						Aseri									460.4 *
						Aseri					Sarka †				461.7 *
			Oeland			Kunda									462.9 *
												Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
								Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo						466.3 *
						Volkhov									Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian					Dapingian				Klabava †					467.3
										Arenigian						468
						Billingen										469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Yiyangian									470
												Latorp †				470.1 *
						Hunneberg										473.7 *
		Tremadocian					Xinchangian			Tremadocian						477.7
									Lianghekou †							477.9 *
						Varangu										481.3 *
						Pakerort										482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Pakerort										485.4
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10														486.3 *
																	486.5