PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			European Faunal Zones	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of the Salt Range	Devonian of Eastern North America		Cambrian of China		Ordovician of China			Permian of Western Europe	Cambrian of Kazakhstan
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Gelasian	MN 17													1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	MN 16													2.58
		Piacenzian	MN 15													3.2
		Zanclean	MN 15													3.6
			MN 14													4.2
			MN 13													4.9
	Miocene	Messinian	MN 13													5.333
		Tortonian	MN 12													7.246
			MN 11													7.75
			MN 10													8.7
			MN 9													9.7
			MN 7 + 8													11.1
		Serravallian	MN 7 + 8													11.63
		Serravallian	MN 6													12.8 *
		Langhian	MN 5													13.82
		Burdigalian	MN 4													15.98
			MN 3													16.9
			MN 2													20
		Aquitanian	MN 2													20.44
		Aquitanian	MN 1													22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
		Bartonian														37.71
		Lutetian														41.2
		Ypresian														47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian														56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Oteke	Puaroan											145
		Kimmeridgian		Oteke	Puaroan											149.2
				Kawhia	Ohauan											150
					Heterian											154.5
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Callovian			Temaikan											164.3
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan											176
		Pliensbachian			Ururoan											184.2
		Pliensbachian			Aratauran											188.9
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour	Otapirian											201.4
		Norian			Warepan											208.5
					Otamitan											217
					Oretian											221
		Carnian			Oretian											227
		Carnian		Gore	Kaihikuan											227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Kaihikuan											237
		Ladinian			Etalian	238
		Anisian			Etalian	242
		Anisian			Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Malakovian	247.2
		Olenekian			Nelsonian	249
		Induan			Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan	Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Kathwai	251.902
							252.4 *
						Chhidru	252.9 *
					Waiitian		253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian		Zechstein	254.14
					Puruhauan			254.2
						Kalabagh		255 *
						Wargal		256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian		Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian						264.28
								265.3 *
					Barettian			266
						Amb		266.1 *
		Roadian	266.9			Amb
		Roadian				270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Kungurian			Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian			Mangapirian	Autunian	283.5
					Telfordian		285
							288.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian							Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian							Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
		Sandbian							Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian							Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian							Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Yiyangian			470
		Tremadocian							Xinchangian			Ungurian	477.7
		Tremadocian							Xinchangian		Lianghekou †	Ungurian	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †				Batyrbaian	485.4
		Jiangshanian							Jiangshanian					Batyrbaian	489.5
														Aksaian	490.7 *
														Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian							Paibian						494
		Paibian							Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian					494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Guzhangian	Wangcunian †				Ayusokkanian	497
		Guzhangian							Guzhangian						499.5
		Drumian							Drumian					Zhanaarykian	500.5
		Drumian							Drumian					Tuesaian	503
		Wuliuan							Wuliuan/Taijangian					Tuesaian	504.5
		Wuliuan							Wuliuan/Taijangian						505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4							Duyunian						509
														Toyonian	510 *
														Botomian	512.5 *
		Stage 3							Nangaoian					Botomian	514
		Stage 3							Nangaoian					Atdabanian	515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							Meishucunian					Tommotian	521
		Stage 2													525.5
		Fortunian													529
		Fortunian							Jinnigian						530.7
																538.8