PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					European Faunal Zones	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Carboniferous of China	Permian of the Salt Range	Precambrian of Russia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Wanganui	Haweran					0
				Northgrippian								0.0042
				Greenlandian								0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								0.0117
				Chibanian								0.129
				Chibanian			Castlecliffian					0.34
				Calabrian			Castlecliffian					0.774
				Calabrian			Nukumaruan					1.63
				Gelasian	MN 17		Nukumaruan					1.8
				Gelasian	MN 17		Mangapanian					2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	MN 16		Mangapanian					2.58
					MN 16		Waipipian					3
					MN 15							3.2
				Zanclean								3.6
							Opoitian					3.7
					MN 14							4.2
					MN 13							4.9
			Miocene	Messinian		Taranaki	Kapitean					5.333
				Messinian			Tongaporutuan					7.2
				Tortonian	MN 12							7.246
					MN 11							7.75
					MN 10							8.7
					MN 9							9.7
					MN 9	Southland	Waiauan					11.04
					MN 7 + 8							11.1
				Serravallian	MN 7 + 8							11.63
					MN 6							12.8 *
					MN 6		Lillburnian					13.05
				Langhian	MN 5		Lillburnian					13.82
							Clifdenian					15.1
						Pareora	Altonian					15.9
				Burdigalian	MN 4							15.98
					MN 3							16.9
					MN 3		Otaian					18.7
					MN 2							20
				Aquitanian								20.44
						Landon	Waitakian					21.7
					MN 1							22.4
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								23.03
							Duntroonian					25.2
							Whaingaroan					27.3
				Rupelian								27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian								33.9
						Arnold	Runangan					34.6
							Kaiatan					36.7
				Bartonian			Kaiatan					37.71
				Bartonian			Bortonian					39.1
				Lutetian			Bortonian					41.2
						Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
							Heretaungan					45.7
				Ypresian			Heretaungan					47.8
							Mangaorapan					48.9
							Waipawan					52
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Teurian					56
				Selandian								59.2
				Danian								61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian					66
				Campanian			Haumurian					72.1
				Santonian			Piripauan					83.6
				Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan					86.1
				Coniacian								86.3
				Turonian								89.8
							Mangaotanean					90.5
							Arowhanan					93.7
Cenomanian				93.9			Arowhanan
				Clarence		Ngaterian	95.2
						Motuan	99.5
Early Cretaceous			Albian			Motuan	100.5
						Urutawan	103.3
				Taitai		Korangan	108.4
			Aptian			Korangan	113
			Aptian				117.5
			Barremian				121.4
			Hauterivian				125.77
			Valanginian				132.6
			Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
			Kimmeridgian				149.2
			Oxfordian				154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
			Bathonian				165.3
			Bajocian				168.2
			Aalenian				170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
			Pliensbachian				184.2
			Sinemurian				192.9
			Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
			Norian				208.5
			Carnian				227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian				Vokhmian	247.2
			Induan					251.2
			Induan					Kathwai	251.5 *
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Kathwai	251.902
									252.4 *
								Chhidru	252.9 *
			Wuchiapingian				Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	Chhidru	254.14
								Kalabagh	255 *
								Wargal	256 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian				Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian		259.51
			Wordian		Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian		264.28
								265.3 *
							Amb	266.1 *
			Roadian		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian		Amb	266.9
			Roadian		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian			270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
			Artinskian					283.5
			Sakmarian					290.1
			Asselian					Bursumian †	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Virgilian	298.9
			Gzhelian					Virgilian	Xiaodushanian	300 *
			Kasimovian					Missourian	Xiaodushanian	303.7
								Missourian	Dalaun	305.8 *
								Desmoinesian		305.9 *
			Moscovian					Desmoinesian		307
			Moscovian					Atokan		312.7 *
			Bashkirian					Atokan		315.2
								Morrowan		318.4 *
									Huashibanian	318.5 *
									Lousuan	321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Dewunian	Chesterian	323.2
			Serpukhovian					Shangsian		330.8 *
			Visean					Shangsian		330.9
								Jiusian		335 *
									Meramecian	335.8 *
									Osagean	343.1 *
			Tournaisian					Tangbagouan	Osagean	346.7
			Tournaisian					Tangbagouan	Kinderhookian	351.9 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian							Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian							Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian							Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian							Emsian	393.3
			Pragian			Siegen				407.6
			Lochkovian			Gedinnine				410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
			Aeronian	438.5
			Rhuddanian	440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian	445.2
			Sandbian	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian	470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	485.4
			Jiangshanian	489.5
			Paibian	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	497
			Drumian	500.5
			Wuliuan	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	509
Stage 3		Series 2	514
Terreneuvian		Stage 2	521
Terreneuvian		Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian									635
		Tonian									720
		Tonian								Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian								Karatau	1000
		Stenian								Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian								Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian								Burzyan	1375
												1400