PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					European Faunal Zones	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Cambrian of Australia	Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian Subages of Germany	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Cambrian of North America	Carboniferous of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Gelasian	MN 17												1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	MN 16												2.58
				Piacenzian	MN 15												3.2
				Zanclean	MN 15												3.6
					MN 14												4.2
					MN 13												4.9
			Miocene	Messinian	MN 13												5.333
				Tortonian	MN 12												7.246
					MN 11												7.75
					MN 10												8.7
					MN 9												9.7
					MN 7 + 8												11.1
				Serravallian	MN 7 + 8												11.63
				Serravallian	MN 6												12.8 *
				Langhian	MN 5												13.82
				Burdigalian	MN 4												15.98
					MN 3												16.9
					MN 2												20
				Aquitanian	MN 2												20.44
				Aquitanian	MN 1												22.4
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
				Bartonian													37.71
				Lutetian													41.2
				Ypresian													47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian													56
				Selandian													59.2
				Danian													61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
				Campanian													72.1
				Santonian													83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian													93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
				Aptian													113
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
				Berriasian													139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
				Kimmeridgian													149.2
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Bathonian													165.3
				Bajocian													168.2
				Aalenian													170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
				Pliensbachian													184.2
				Sinemurian													192.9
				Hettangian													199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
				Norian													208.5
				Carnian													227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan													251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Buntsandstein							251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						Buntsandstein							254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian						Ohre/Aller							259.51
				Wordian						Leine							264.28
				Roadian													266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian	273.01
			Artinskian	283.5
			Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian	Bursumian †		293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Late Pennsylvanian		Virgilian	298.9
			Kasimovian			Missourian	303.7
			Kasimovian			Desmoinesian	305.9 *
			Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian		Desmoinesian	307
			Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian		Atokan	312.7 *
			Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian		Atokan	315.2
			Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian		Morrowan	318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian		Chesterian	323.2
			Visean	Middle Mississippian		Chesterian	330.9
						Meramecian	335.8 *
						Osagean	343.1 *
			Tournaisian	Early Mississippian		Osagean	346.7
			Tournaisian	Early Mississippian		Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Emsian		393.3
			Pragian		Siegen		407.6
			Lochkovian		Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian		Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Kosovian	443.8
			Katian				Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian				Berounian		449.7 *
			Sandbian						453
									Zahorany †/Vinice		Letna †	456.2 *
								Liben †				458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
							Dobrotivian					458.5 *
							Oretanian					459.7 *
								Sarka †				461.7 *
			Dapingian					Klabava †				467.3
			Dapingian				Arenigian					468
		Early Ordovician	Floian				Arenigian					470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10				Datsonian						Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
							Payntonian							486.8 *
							Payntonian							Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian				Iverian							Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian				Iverian							Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian				Idamean							Steptoean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Mindyallan						Marjumian	Albertian †	497
			Guzhangian				Boomerangian								499
			Drumian				Undillan								500.5
			Drumian				Floran								503
			Wuliuan				Templetonian						Topazan		504.5
							Templetonian						Delamaran		506.5
							Ordian								507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4	Waucoban †				Ordian							509
														510.8 *
													Dyeran	511 *
		Stage 3											Dyeran	514
										Montezuman			514.8 *
										Begadean			519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian											529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Poundian †		538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Wonokan †		571.7 *
																	635