PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					European Faunal Zones	Precambrian of Russia	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Ordovician of Britain				Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Permian of China
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Tarantian		0.0117
				Chibanian											Ionian		0.129
				Calabrian													0.774
				Gelasian	MN 17												1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	MN 16		Tertiary †										2.58
				Piacenzian	MN 15												3.2
				Zanclean	MN 15												3.6
					MN 14												4.2
					MN 13												4.9
			Miocene	Messinian	MN 13												5.333
				Tortonian	MN 12												7.246
					MN 11												7.75
					MN 10												8.7
					MN 9												9.7
					MN 7 + 8												11.1
				Serravallian	MN 7 + 8												11.63
				Serravallian	MN 6												12.8 *
				Langhian	MN 5												13.82
				Burdigalian	MN 4												15.98
					MN 3												16.9
					MN 2												20
				Aquitanian	MN 2												20.44
				Aquitanian	MN 1												22.4
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
				Bartonian													37.71
				Lutetian													41.2
				Ypresian													47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian													56
				Selandian													59.2
				Danian													61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
				Campanian													72.1
				Santonian													83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian													93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
				Aptian													113
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
				Berriasian													139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
				Kimmeridgian													149.2
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Bathonian													165.3
				Bajocian													168.2
				Aalenian													170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
				Pliensbachian													184.2
				Sinemurian													192.9
				Hettangian													199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
				Norian													208.5
				Carnian													227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan													251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												Meishanian	251.902
				Changhsingian												Baoqingian	253.4 *
Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †		Laoshanian		254.14
Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †		Laibinian		257.7 *
Guadalupian			Capitanian			Lengwuan		259.51
			Wordian			Kuhfengian		264.28
			Roadian			Kuhfengian		266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian			Luodianian		273.01
			Artinskian			Luodianian		283.5
			Artinskian			Longlinian		285.4 *
			Sakmarian			Longlinian		290.1
			Asselian			Zisongian		293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Zisongian		298.9
			Gzhelian					300.1
			Kasimovian					303.7
			Moscovian					307
			Bashkirian					315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
			Visean					330.9
			Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					Srbsko	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Chotec	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
			Pragian		Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian					Rawtheyan	445.2
								Cautleyan	448.9 *
								Pusgillian	449.3 *
							Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
								Cheneyan		451.5 *
								Burrellian		452.7 *
			Sandbian							453
									Actonian †	453.2 *
									Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
									Longvillian †		455.2 *
								Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
								Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
			Darriwilian					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
			Dapingian					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
			Dapingian				Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian					Fennian			470
								Whitlandian			471.1 *
								Moridunian			474.3 *
			Tremadocian				Tremadoc	Migneintian			477.7
							Tremadoc	Cressagian			480.8 *
											485 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10								485.4
			Jiangshanian								489.5
			Paibian								494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Series 3 †	497
			Drumian									500.5
			Wuliuan	Stage 5 †								504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4									509
	Series 2	Stage 3									514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian											Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian											Karatau	1000
		Stenian											Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian											Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian											Burzyan	1375
																	1400