PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					European Faunal Zones	Precambrian of Russia	Ordovician of North America					Cenozoic Subepochs
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Late Pleistocene	0.0117
				Chibanian								Middle Pleistocene	0.129
				Calabrian								Early Pleistocene	0.774
				Gelasian	MN 17							Early Pleistocene	1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	MN 16							Late Pliocene	2.58
				Piacenzian	MN 15							Late Pliocene	3.2
				Zanclean	MN 15							Early Pliocene	3.6
					MN 14								4.2
					MN 13								4.9
			Miocene	Messinian	MN 13							Late Miocene	5.333
				Tortonian	MN 12								7.246
					MN 11								7.75
					MN 10								8.7
					MN 9								9.7
					MN 7 + 8								11.1
				Serravallian	MN 7 + 8							Middle Miocene	11.63
				Serravallian	MN 6								12.8 *
				Langhian	MN 5								13.82
				Burdigalian	MN 4							Early Miocene	15.98
					MN 3								16.9
					MN 2								20
				Aquitanian	MN 2								20.44
				Aquitanian	MN 1								22.4
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Late Oligocene	23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian								Early Oligocene	27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian								Late Eocene	33.9
				Bartonian								Middle Eocene	37.71
				Lutetian								Middle Eocene	41.2
				Ypresian								Early Eocene	47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian								Late Paleocene	56
				Selandian								Middle Paleocene	59.2
				Danian								Early Paleocene	61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
				Campanian									72.1
				Santonian									83.6
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
				Cenomanian									93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
				Aptian									113
				Barremian									121.4
				Hauterivian									125.77
				Valanginian									132.6
				Berriasian									139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
				Kimmeridgian									149.2
				Oxfordian									154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
				Bathonian									165.3
				Bajocian									168.2
				Aalenian									170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
				Pliensbachian									184.2
				Sinemurian									192.9
				Hettangian									199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
				Norian									208.5
				Carnian									227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan									251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian									254.14
Guadalupian			Capitanian	259.51
			Wordian	264.28
			Roadian	266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian	273.01
			Artinskian	283.5
			Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
			Kasimovian	303.7
			Moscovian	307
			Bashkirian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
		Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
			Aeronian	438.5
			Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
			Katian		Gamachian	445.2
					Richmondian	446 *
					Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
					Edenian		450.4 *
				Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
			Sandbian		Chatfieldian		453
					Turinian		453.7 *
				Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
			Dapingian					467.3
			Dapingian		Rangerian			469.1 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
			Floian		Tulean				473.9 *
			Tremadocian		Tulean				477.7
					Stairsian				480.3 *
					Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10		Skullrockian				485.4
			Stage 10						487.5
			Jiangshanian						489.5
			Paibian						494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian						497
			Drumian						500.5
			Wuliuan						504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4						509
		Series 2	Stage 3						514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian									635
		Tonian									720
		Tonian								Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian								Karatau	1000
		Stenian								Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian								Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian								Burzyan	1375
													1400