PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					European Faunal Zones	Precambrian of Russia	Ordovician of Britain					Cambrian Epochs	Permian of the Pamirs	European Faunal Units	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											Wanganui	Haweran	0
				Northgrippian													0.0042
				Greenlandian													0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
				Chibanian													0.129
				Chibanian												Castlecliffian	0.34
				Calabrian												Castlecliffian	0.774
				Calabrian												Nukumaruan	1.63
				Gelasian	MN 17											Nukumaruan	1.8
				Gelasian	MN 17											Mangapanian	2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	MN 16									Villanyian		Mangapanian	2.58
														Villanyian		Waipipian	3
														Ruscinian			3.1 *
					MN 15												3.2
				Zanclean													3.6
																Opoitian	3.7
					MN 14												4.2
					MN 13												4.9
			Miocene	Messinian										Turolian	Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
				Messinian												Tongaporutuan	7.2
				Tortonian	MN 12												7.246
					MN 11												7.75
					MN 10									Vallesian			8.7
					MN 9												9.7
					MN 9										Southland	Waiauan	11.04
					MN 7 + 8												11.1
				Serravallian	MN 7 + 8									Astaracian			11.63
					MN 6												12.8 *
					MN 6											Lillburnian	13.05
				Langhian	MN 5											Lillburnian	13.82
																Clifdenian	15.1
															Pareora	Altonian	15.9
				Burdigalian	MN 4									Orleanian			15.98
					MN 3												16.9
					MN 3											Otaian	18.7
					MN 2									Agenian			20
				Aquitanian													20.44
															Landon	Waitakian	21.7
					MN 1												22.4
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
																Duntroonian	25.2
																Whaingaroan	27.3
				Rupelian													27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
															Arnold	Runangan	34.6
																Kaiatan	36.7
				Bartonian												Kaiatan	37.71
				Bartonian												Bortonian	39.1
				Lutetian												Bortonian	41.2
															Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
																Heretaungan	45.7
				Ypresian												Heretaungan	47.8
																Mangaorapan	48.9
																Waipawan	52
			Paleocene	Thanetian												Teurian	56
				Selandian													59.2
				Danian													61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											Mata	Haumurian	66
				Campanian												Haumurian	72.1
				Santonian												Piripauan	83.6
				Santonian											Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
																Mangaotanean	90.5
Arowhanan						93.7
Arowhanan				Cenomanian		93.9
Clarence						Ngaterian	95.2
						Motuan	99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan	100.5
						Urutawan	103.3
Taitai						Korangan	108.4
				Aptian		Korangan	113
				Aptian			117.5
				Barremian			121.4
				Hauterivian			125.77
				Valanginian			132.6
				Berriasian			139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke			Puaroan		145
			Kimmeridgian	Oteke			Puaroan		149.2
				Kawhia			Ohauan		150
							Heterian		154.5
			Oxfordian						154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
			Callovian				Temaikan		164.3
			Bathonian						165.3
			Bajocian						168.2
			Aalenian						170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian						174.7
			Toarcian	Herangi			Ururoan		176
			Pliensbachian				Ururoan		184.2
			Pliensbachian				Aratauran		188.9
			Sinemurian						192.9
			Hettangian						199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour			Otapirian		201.4
			Norian				Warepan		208.5
							Otamitan		217
							Oretian		221
			Carnian				Oretian		227
			Carnian	Gore			Kaihikuan		227.5
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Kaihikuan		237
			Ladinian				Etalian		238
			Anisian				Etalian		242
			Anisian				Malakovian		246
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2		Malakovian
			Olenekian		Nelsonian		249
			Induan		Nelsonian		251.2
			Induan	DUrville	Makarewan		251.5
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan		Dorashamian		251.902
			Changhsingian		Waiitian		Dorashamian		253.2
			Wuchiapingian		Waiitian		Dzhulfian		254.14
			Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan		Dzhulfian		254.2
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian		Midian		259.51
			Wordian		Flettian				264.28
					Barettian				266
							Murgabian		266.2 *
			Roadian				Murgabian		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian				Kubergandian		273.01
					Mangapirian		Kubergandian		276
							Bolorian		279.8
			Artinskian						283.5
					Telfordian				285
					Telfordian		Yakhtashian		286
							Yakhtashian		288.5
			Sakmarian				Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian				Asselian		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
			Kasimovian						303.7
			Moscovian						307
			Bashkirian						315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
			Visean						330.9
			Tournaisian						346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
			Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian			410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli				Ohesaare			419.2
		Pridoli				Kaugetuma			421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			Kuressaare		423
			Ludfordian			Paadla		423.4 *
			Gorstian			Paadla		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			Rootsikula		427.4
			Homerian			Jaagarahu		429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu		430.5
			Sheinwoodian			Jaani		431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian			Jaani		433.4
			Telychian			Adavere		434 *
			Aeronian			Adavere		438.5
			Aeronian			Raikkula		439.4 *
			Rhuddanian			Raikkula		440.8
			Rhuddanian			Juuru		441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ashgill		Hirnantian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian					Rawtheyan		Pirgu	445.2
								Cautleyan			448.9 *
								Pusgillian			449.3 *
						Caradoc		Streffordian		Onnian †	Vormsi	449.6 *
											Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
									Viru		Rakvere		450.6 *
								Cheneyan			Rakvere		451.5 *
								Cheneyan			Oandu		452 *
								Burrellian			Oandu		452.7 *
			Sandbian								Keila	Idavere †	453
										Actonian †	Keila		453.2 *
										Actonian †	Haljala		453.9
										Marshbrookian †			Woolstonian †	454.2 *
										Longvillian †				455.2 *
											Kukruse			456.4 *
								Aurelucian						456.8 *
Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian													457.4 *
Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian											Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
Middle Ordovician		Darriwilian	Llanvirn			Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					Uhaku		458.4
											Lasnamagi		458.9 *
											Aseri		460.4 *
						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					Aseri		461.3 *
									Oeland		Kunda		462.9 *
											Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
											Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian												467.3
			Arenig			Fennian								468.4 *
											Billingen			469.3 *
Early Ordovician		Floian												470
												Latorp †		470.1 *
						Whitlandian								471.1 *
				Hunneberg	473.7 *	Whitlandian
					Moridunian	474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc		Migneintian	477.7
					Cressagian	480.8 *
				Varangu		481.3 *
				Pakerort		482.2 *
						485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Late Cambrian					485.4
											486.3 *
											486.5
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Middle Cambrian					497
		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan									504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Early Cambrian					509
	Series 2	Stage 3									514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian			538.8
		Cryogenian													635
		Tonian													720
		Tonian										Karatau			800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										Karatau			1000
		Stenian										Yurmatian			1100
		Ectasian										Yurmatian			1200
		Ectasian										Burzyan			1375
																	1400