PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			European Faunal Zones	Cretaceous Subepochs	Ordovician of North America						Carboniferous of China	Devonian of France	Devonian of Eastern North America		Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													Late Pleistocene		0.0117
		Chibanian													Middle Pleistocene		0.129
		Calabrian													Early Pleistocene		0.774
		Gelasian	MN 17												Early Pleistocene		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	MN 16												Late Pliocene		2.58
		Piacenzian	MN 15												Late Pliocene		3.2
		Zanclean	MN 15												Early Pliocene		3.6
			MN 14														4.2
			MN 13														4.9
	Miocene	Messinian	MN 13												Late Miocene		5.333
		Tortonian	MN 12														7.246
			MN 11														7.75
			MN 10														8.7
			MN 9														9.7
			MN 7 + 8														11.1
		Serravallian	MN 7 + 8												Middle Miocene		11.63
		Serravallian	MN 6														12.8 *
		Langhian	MN 5														13.82
		Burdigalian	MN 4												Early Miocene		15.98
			MN 3														16.9
			MN 2														20
		Aquitanian	MN 2														20.44
		Aquitanian	MN 1														22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													Late Oligocene		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian													Early Oligocene		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													Late Eocene		33.9
		Bartonian													Middle Eocene		37.71
		Lutetian													Middle Eocene		41.2
		Ypresian													Early Eocene		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian													Late Paleocene		56
		Selandian													Middle Paleocene		59.2
		Danian													Early Paleocene		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Senonian													66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Gallic													100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian		Neocomian													125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
		Kimmeridgian															149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian															168.2
		Aalenian															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Pliensbachian															184.2
		Sinemurian															192.9
		Hettangian															199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
		Norian															208.5
		Carnian															227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan															251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian															251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian															254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Gzhelian			Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian			Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian			Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
					Huashibanian	318.5 *
					Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian			Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean			Shangsian	330.9
		Visean			Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian			Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Famennian	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				Frasnian	West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Couvinien			Southwoodian	387.7	Cazenovian
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Pragian	Coblencien					408.2 *
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian							Gamachian	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
									Richmondian	Kralodvorian		446 *
									Richmondian	Berounian		449.7 *
									Maysvillian			Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
									Edenian				450.4 *
								Mohawkian	Chatfieldian				451.1 *
		Sandbian							Chatfieldian				453
				Turinian					453.7 *
				Turinian					Zahorany †/Vinice				Letna †	456.2 *
				Whiterockian					Zahorany †/Vinice			Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
									Liben †						458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian													458.4
										Dobrotivian					458.5 *
										Oretanian					459.7 *
									Sarka †						461.7 *
		Dapingian							Klabava †						467.3
										Arenigian					468
								Rangerian							469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Ibexian				Blackhillsian						Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian						Tulean								473.9 *
		Tremadocian						Tulean	Tremadocian							477.7
								Stairsian								480.3 *
								Skullrockian							Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Skullrockian								485.4
																	487.5