PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			European Faunal Zones	Cenozoic Subepochs	Devonian of Germany
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Late Pleistocene		0.0117
		Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene		0.129
		Calabrian		Early Pleistocene		0.774
		Gelasian	MN 17	Early Pleistocene		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	MN 16	Late Pliocene		2.58
		Piacenzian	MN 15	Late Pliocene		3.2
		Zanclean	MN 15	Early Pliocene		3.6
			MN 14			4.2
			MN 13			4.9
	Miocene	Messinian	MN 13	Late Miocene		5.333
		Tortonian	MN 12			7.246
			MN 11			7.75
			MN 10			8.7
			MN 9			9.7
			MN 7 + 8			11.1
		Serravallian	MN 7 + 8	Middle Miocene		11.63
		Serravallian	MN 6			12.8 *
		Langhian	MN 5			13.82
		Burdigalian	MN 4	Early Miocene		15.98
			MN 3			16.9
			MN 2			20
		Aquitanian	MN 2			20.44
		Aquitanian	MN 1			22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Late Oligocene		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian		Early Oligocene		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian		Late Eocene		33.9
		Bartonian		Middle Eocene		37.71
		Lutetian		Middle Eocene		41.2
		Ypresian		Early Eocene		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Late Paleocene		56
		Selandian		Middle Paleocene		59.2
		Danian		Early Paleocene		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				66
		Campanian				72.1
		Santonian				83.6
		Coniacian				86.3
		Turonian				89.8
		Cenomanian				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				100.5
		Aptian				113
		Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
		Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				168.2
		Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
		Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian				208.5
		Carnian				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Emsian	393.3
		Pragian			Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian			Gedinnine	410.8
						419.2