PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			European Faunal Zones	Cambrian of China		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Silurian of the Baltic	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Gelasian	MN 17									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	MN 16						Tertiary †			2.58
		Piacenzian	MN 15									3.2
		Zanclean	MN 15									3.6
			MN 14									4.2
			MN 13									4.9
	Miocene	Messinian	MN 13									5.333
		Tortonian	MN 12									7.246
			MN 11									7.75
			MN 10									8.7
			MN 9									9.7
			MN 7 + 8									11.1
		Serravallian	MN 7 + 8									11.63
		Serravallian	MN 6									12.8 *
		Langhian	MN 5									13.82
		Burdigalian	MN 4									15.98
			MN 3									16.9
			MN 2									20
		Aquitanian	MN 2									20.44
		Aquitanian	MN 1									22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian					23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian				Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian						33.9
		Bartonian				Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan						37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Ypresian					Bumbanian					47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Gashatan						56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Pliensbachian										184.2
		Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian										208.5
		Carnian										227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								Longtanian †		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian										259.51
		Wordian										264.28
		Roadian										266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
		Artinskian		283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian		Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian		Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean		Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian		Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Srbsko			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Chotec			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Daleje/Zlichovian			393.3
		Pragian			Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Ohesaare						419.2
	Pridoli				Kaugetuma						421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare		423
		Ludfordian	Paadla		423.4 *
		Gorstian	Paadla		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula		427.4
		Homerian	Jaagarahu		429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu		430.5
		Sheinwoodian	Jaani		431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani		433.4
		Telychian	Adavere		434 *
		Aeronian	Adavere		438.5
		Aeronian	Raikkula		439.4 *
		Rhuddanian	Raikkula		440.8
		Rhuddanian	Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Jiangshanian			Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian			Paibian		494
		Paibian			Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Series 3 †		497
		Drumian			Drumian	Wangcunian †			500.5
		Wuliuan			Wuliuan/Taijangian				Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Duyunian					509
	Series 2	Stage 3			Nangaoian					514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Meishucunian					521
		Fortunian			Meishucunian					529
		Fortunian			Jinnigian					530.7
												538.8