PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127057 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					European Faunal Zones	Ordovician of the Baltic				Permian of the Pamirs	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Precambrian of Russia	Ordovician of Britain			Cambrian of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Gelasian	MN 17												1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	MN 16												2.58
				Piacenzian	MN 15												3.2
				Zanclean	MN 15												3.6
					MN 14												4.2
					MN 13												4.9
			Miocene	Messinian	MN 13												5.333
				Tortonian	MN 12												7.246
					MN 11												7.75
					MN 10												8.7
					MN 9												9.7
					MN 7 + 8												11.1
				Serravallian	MN 7 + 8												11.63
				Serravallian	MN 6												12.8 *
				Langhian	MN 5												13.82
				Burdigalian	MN 4												15.98
					MN 3												16.9
					MN 2												20
				Aquitanian	MN 2												20.44
				Aquitanian	MN 1												22.4
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
				Bartonian													37.71
				Lutetian													41.2
				Ypresian													47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian													56
				Selandian													59.2
				Danian													61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
				Campanian													72.1
				Santonian													83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian													93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
				Aptian													113
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
				Berriasian													139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
				Kimmeridgian													149.2
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Bathonian													165.3
				Bajocian													168.2
				Aalenian													170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
				Pliensbachian													184.2
				Sinemurian													192.9
				Hettangian													199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
				Norian													208.5
				Carnian													227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian							Vokhmian						247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan							Vokhmian						251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Dorashamian							251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						Dzhulfian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian						254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian						Midian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian						259.51
				Wordian						Midian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian						264.28
				Wordian						Murgabian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian						266.2 *
Roadian				Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian		266.9				Murgabian
Cisuralian			Kungurian	Kubergandian			273.01
			Kungurian	Bolorian			279.8
			Artinskian	Bolorian			283.5
			Artinskian	Yakhtashian			286
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian	Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
			Kasimovian				303.7
			Moscovian				307
			Bashkirian				315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
			Visean				330.9
			Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian				Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Couvinien	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Pragian		Coblencien		408.2 *
			Lochkovian		Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian		Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Harju	Porkuni	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian					Pirgu		Rawtheyan	445.2
										Cautleyan	448.9 *
										Pusgillian	449.3 *
								Vormsi	Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
								Nabala				Johvi †	450 *
							Viru	Rakvere					450.6 *
								Rakvere		Cheneyan			451.5 *
								Oandu		Cheneyan			452 *
								Oandu		Burrellian			452.7 *
			Sandbian					Keila				Idavere †	453
								Keila			Actonian †		453.2 *
								Haljala			Actonian †		453.9
											Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
											Longvillian †			455.2 *
								Kukruse						456.4 *
										Aurelucian				456.8 *
											Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian			457.4 *
								Uhaku			Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian	Aluoja †		457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Uhaku	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				458.4
								Lasnamagi						458.9 *
								Aseri						460.4 *
								Aseri		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				461.3 *
							Oeland	Kunda						462.9 *
								Kunda				Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
								Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian												467.3
									Arenig	Fennian					468.4 *
								Billingen							469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
			Latorp †											470.1 *
										Whitlandian				471.1 *
								Hunneberg		Whitlandian				473.7 *
										Moridunian				474.3 *
		Tremadocian							Tremadoc	Migneintian				477.7
						Cressagian				480.8 *
								Varangu		481.3 *
								Pakerort		482.2 *
										485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan				Datsonian	485.4
															486.3 *
							486.5
							Payntonian							486.8 *
							Payntonian							Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian					Iverian							Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian					Iverian							Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian					Idamean							Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Marjumian			Albertian †				Mindyallan	497
		Guzhangian												Boomerangian	499
		Drumian												Undillan	500.5
		Drumian												Floran	503
		Wuliuan					Topazan							Templetonian	504.5
							Delamaran							Templetonian	506.5
														Ordian	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4								Waucoban †				Ordian	509
															510.8 *
					Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3			Dyeran		514
					Montezuman		514.8 *
					Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian					529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian						538.8
		Cryogenian														635
		Tonian														720
		Tonian								Karatau						800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian								Karatau						1000
		Stenian								Yurmatian						1100
		Ectasian								Yurmatian						1200
		Ectasian								Burzyan						1375
																	1400