PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			European Faunal Zones	Ordovician of Britain				Cambrian of China		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Devonian of Germany	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								Wanganui	Haweran				0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
		Chibanian													0.129
		Chibanian									Castlecliffian				0.34
		Calabrian									Castlecliffian				0.774
		Calabrian									Nukumaruan				1.63
		Gelasian	MN 17								Nukumaruan				1.8
		Gelasian	MN 17								Mangapanian				2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	MN 16								Mangapanian				2.58
			MN 16								Waipipian				3
			MN 15												3.2
		Zanclean													3.6
											Opoitian				3.7
			MN 14												4.2
			MN 13												4.9
	Miocene	Messinian								Taranaki	Kapitean				5.333
		Messinian									Tongaporutuan				7.2
		Tortonian	MN 12												7.246
			MN 11												7.75
			MN 10												8.7
			MN 9												9.7
			MN 9							Southland	Waiauan				11.04
			MN 7 + 8												11.1
		Serravallian	MN 7 + 8												11.63
			MN 6												12.8 *
			MN 6								Lillburnian				13.05
		Langhian	MN 5								Lillburnian				13.82
											Clifdenian				15.1
										Pareora	Altonian				15.9
		Burdigalian	MN 4												15.98
			MN 3												16.9
			MN 3								Otaian				18.7
			MN 2												20
		Aquitanian													20.44
										Landon	Waitakian				21.7
			MN 1												22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
											Duntroonian				25.2
											Whaingaroan				27.3
		Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
										Arnold	Runangan				34.6
											Kaiatan				36.7
		Bartonian									Kaiatan				37.71
		Bartonian									Bortonian				39.1
		Lutetian									Bortonian				41.2
										Dannevirke	Porangan				42.6
											Heretaungan				45.7
		Ypresian									Heretaungan				47.8
											Mangaorapan				48.9
											Waipawan				52
	Paleocene	Thanetian									Teurian				56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Mata	Haumurian				66
		Campanian									Haumurian				72.1
		Santonian									Piripauan				83.6
		Santonian								Raukumara	Teratan				86.1
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
											Mangaotanean				90.5
											Arowhanan				93.7
		Cenomanian		93.9							Arowhanan
				Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
					Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan	100.5
					Urutawan	103.3
				Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian			Korangan	113
		Aptian				117.5
		Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
		Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				168.2
		Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
		Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian				208.5
		Carnian				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian	Siegen			407.6
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Ashgill	Hirnantian	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian					Rawtheyan	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
							Cautleyan			448.9 *
							Pusgillian			449.3 *
						Caradoc	Streffordian			Onnian †	449.6 *
							Streffordian	Berounian			449.7 *
							Cheneyan				451.5 *
							Burrellian				452.7 *
		Sandbian									453
										Actonian †	453.2 *
					Marshbrookian †					Woolstonian †	454.2 *
					Longvillian †						455.2 *
											Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
							Aurelucian						456.8 *
					Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian								457.4 *
				Liben †	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian						458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					458.4
								Dobrotivian			458.5 *
								Oretanian			459.7 *
						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					461.3 *
				Sarka †								461.7 *
		Dapingian		Klabava †								467.3
								Arenigian				468
					Arenig	Fennian						468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Fennian						470
						Whitlandian						471.1 *
						Moridunian						474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadoc	Migneintian	Tremadocian						477.7
				Tremadoc	Cressagian							480.8 *
												485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Niuchehean						Taoyuanian †		485.4
		Jiangshanian				Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian				Paibian								494
		Paibian				Paibian						Waergangian †/Youshuanian		494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Guzhangian						Wangcunian †		497
		Drumian				Drumian						Wangcunian †		500.5
		Wuliuan				Wuliuan/Taijangian								504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Duyunian								509
	Series 2	Stage 3				Nangaoian								514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Meishucunian								521
		Fortunian				Meishucunian								529
		Fortunian				Jinnigian								530.7
															538.8