International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126764 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | European Faunal Zones | Devonian of Eastern North America | Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia | Ordovician of China | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quaternary | Pleistocene | Gelasian | MN 17 | 1.8 | |||||||
| Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | MN 16 | 2.58 | |||||||
| MN 15 | 3.2 | ||||||||||
| Zanclean | 3.6 | ||||||||||
| MN 14 | 4.2 | ||||||||||
| MN 13 | 4.9 | ||||||||||
| Miocene | Messinian | 5.333 | |||||||||
| Tortonian | MN 12 | 7.246 | |||||||||
| MN 11 | 7.75 | ||||||||||
| MN 10 | 8.7 | ||||||||||
| MN 9 | 9.7 | ||||||||||
| MN 7 + 8 | 11.1 | ||||||||||
| Serravallian | 11.63 | ||||||||||
| MN 6 | 12.8 * | ||||||||||
| Langhian | MN 5 | 13.82 | |||||||||
| Burdigalian | MN 4 | 15.98 | |||||||||
| MN 3 | 16.9 | ||||||||||
| MN 2 | 20 | ||||||||||
| Aquitanian | 20.44 | ||||||||||
| MN 1 | 22.4 | ||||||||||
| Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | Tabenbulakian | Hsandagolian | 23.03 | ||||||
| Rupelian | Kekeamuan | 27.82 | |||||||||
| Eocene | Priabonian | Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian | 33.9 | ||||||||
| Bartonian | Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan | 37.71 | |||||||||
| Lutetian | 41.2 | ||||||||||
| Ypresian | Bumbanian | 47.8 | |||||||||
| Paleocene | Thanetian | Gashatan | 56 | ||||||||
| Selandian | 59.2 | ||||||||||
| Danian | 61.6 | ||||||||||
| Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | 66 | ||||||||
| Campanian | 72.1 | ||||||||||
| Santonian | 83.6 | ||||||||||
| Coniacian | 86.3 | ||||||||||
| Turonian | 89.8 | ||||||||||
| Cenomanian | 93.9 | ||||||||||
| Early Cretaceous | Albian | 100.5 | |||||||||
| Aptian | 113 | ||||||||||
| Barremian | 121.4 | ||||||||||
| Hauterivian | 125.77 | ||||||||||
| Valanginian | 132.6 | ||||||||||
| Berriasian | 139.8 | ||||||||||
| Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | 145 | ||||||||
| Kimmeridgian | 149.2 | ||||||||||
| Oxfordian | 154.8 | ||||||||||
| Middle Jurassic | Callovian | 161.5 | |||||||||
| Bathonian | 165.3 | ||||||||||
| Bajocian | 168.2 | ||||||||||
| Aalenian | 170.9 | ||||||||||
| Early Jurassic | Toarcian | 174.7 | |||||||||
| Pliensbachian | 184.2 | ||||||||||
| Sinemurian | 192.9 | ||||||||||
| Hettangian | 199.5 | ||||||||||
| Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | 201.4 | ||||||||
| Norian | 208.5 | ||||||||||
| Carnian | 227 | ||||||||||
| Middle Triassic | Ladinian | 237 | |||||||||
| Anisian | 242 | ||||||||||
| Early Triassic | Olenekian | 247.2 | |||||||||
| Induan | 251.2 | ||||||||||
| Permian | Lopingian | Changhsingian | 251.902 | ||||||||
| Wuchiapingian | 254.14 | ||||||||||
| Guadalupian | Capitanian | 259.51 | |||||||||
| Wordian | 264.28 | ||||||||||
| Roadian | 266.9 | ||||||||||
| Cisuralian | Kungurian | 273.01 | |||||||||
| Artinskian | 283.5 | ||||||||||
| Sakmarian | 290.1 | ||||||||||
| Asselian | 293.52 | ||||||||||
| Carboniferous | Pennsylvanian | Gzhelian | 298.9 | ||||||||
| Kasimovian | 303.7 | ||||||||||
| Moscovian | 307 | ||||||||||
| Bashkirian | 315.2 | ||||||||||
| Mississippian | Serpukhovian | 323.2 | |||||||||
| Visean | 330.9 | ||||||||||
| Tournaisian | 346.7 | ||||||||||
| Devonian | Late Devonian | Famennian | Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway | 358.9 | |||||||
| Frasnian | West Fallsian/Sonyean | 372.2 | |||||||||
| Middle Devonian | Givetian | Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan | Cazenovian | 382.7 | |||||||
| Eifelian | Southwoodian | 387.7 | |||||||||
| Early Devonian | Emsian | Sawkillian/Deer Parkian | Helderbergian | 393.3 | |||||||
| Pragian | 407.6 | ||||||||||
| Lochkovian | 410.8 | ||||||||||
| Silurian | Pridoli | 419.2 | |||||||||
| Ludlow | Ludfordian | 423 | |||||||||
| Gorstian | 425.6 | ||||||||||
| Wenlock | Homerian | 427.4 | |||||||||
| Sheinwoodian | 430.5 | ||||||||||
| Llandovery | Telychian | 433.4 | |||||||||
| Aeronian | 438.5 | ||||||||||
| Rhuddanian | 440.8 | ||||||||||
| Ordovician | Late Ordovician | Hirnantian | Hirnantian | Xiaoxita †/Shikou | Wufeng † | 443.8 | |||||
| Katian | Chientangkiangian | 445.2 | |||||||||
| Neichianshanian/Hanjiang | 449.5 | ||||||||||
| Sandbian | 453 | ||||||||||
| Middle Ordovician | Darriwilian | Darriwilian | Guniu †/Hulo | 458.4 | |||||||
| Hunjiang † | Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo | 466.3 * | |||||||||
| Dapingian | Dapingian | 467.3 | |||||||||
| Early Ordovician | Floian | Yiyangian | 470 | ||||||||
| Tremadocian | Xinchangian | 477.7 | |||||||||
| Lianghekou † | 477.9 * | ||||||||||
| 485.4 | |||||||||||