International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

  • K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
  • F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
  • F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
  • W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
  • F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
  • M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
  • B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic TimescaleEuropean Faunal ZonesDevonian of Eastern North AmericaObsolete Carboniferous Ages of ChinaOrdovician of North AmericaCambrian of KazakhstanDevonian of GermanyOrdovician of ChinaCambrian of North AmericaCambrian of ChinaDevonian of Czechoslovakia
QuaternaryPleistoceneGelasianMN 171.8
NeogenePliocenePiacenzianMN 162.58
MN 153.2
Zanclean3.6
MN 144.2
MN 134.9
MioceneMessinian5.333
TortonianMN 127.246
MN 117.75
MN 108.7
MN 99.7
MN 7 + 811.1
Serravallian11.63
MN 612.8 *
LanghianMN 513.82
BurdigalianMN 415.98
MN 316.9
MN 220
Aquitanian20.44
MN 122.4
PaleogeneOligoceneChattian23.03
Rupelian27.82
EocenePriabonian33.9
Bartonian37.71
Lutetian41.2
Ypresian47.8
PaleoceneThanetian56
Selandian59.2
Danian61.6
CretaceousLate CretaceousMaastrichtian66
Campanian72.1
Santonian83.6
Coniacian86.3
Turonian89.8
Cenomanian93.9
Early CretaceousAlbian100.5
Aptian113
Barremian121.4
Hauterivian125.77
Valanginian132.6
Berriasian139.8
JurassicLate JurassicTithonian145
Kimmeridgian149.2
Oxfordian154.8
Middle JurassicCallovian161.5
Bathonian165.3
Bajocian168.2
Aalenian170.9
Early JurassicToarcian174.7
Pliensbachian184.2
Sinemurian192.9
Hettangian199.5
TriassicLate TriassicRhaetian201.4
Norian208.5
Carnian227
Middle TriassicLadinian237
Anisian242
Early TriassicOlenekian247.2
Induan251.2
PermianLopingianChanghsingian251.902
Wuchiapingian254.14
GuadalupianCapitanian259.51
Wordian264.28
Roadian266.9
CisuralianKungurian273.01
Artinskian283.5
Sakmarian290.1
Asselian293.52
CarboniferousPennsylvanianGzhelianMapingian †298.9
Kasimovian303.7
305.9
Moscovian307
Bashkirian315.2
MississippianSerpukhovian323.2
Visean330.9
Tournaisian346.7
DevonianLate DevonianFamennianConewangan/Conneautan/CanadawayWocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden358.9
FrasnianWest Fallsian/SonyeanAdorf372.2
Middle DevonianGivetianGeneseean/Taghanican/TioughnioganCazenovianGivetianSrbsko382.7
EifelianSouthwoodianEifelianChotec387.7
Early DevonianEmsianSawkillian/Deer ParkianHelderbergianEmsianDaleje/Zlichovian393.3
PragianSiegenPragian407.6
LochkovianGedinnineLochkovian410.8
SilurianPridoli419.2
LudlowLudfordian423
Gorstian425.6
WenlockHomerian427.4
Sheinwoodian430.5
LlandoveryTelychian433.4
Aeronian438.5
Rhuddanian440.8
OrdovicianLate OrdovicianHirnantianCincinnatianGamachianHirnantianXiaoxita †/ShikouWufeng †443.8
KatianChientangkiangian445.2
Richmondian446 *
Neichianshanian/Hanjiang449.5
MaysvillianRocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian449.8 *
Edenian450.4 *
MohawkianChatfieldian451.1 *
Sandbian453
Turinian453.7 *
WhiterockianCanadian †Chazyan †/Marmor457 *
Middle OrdovicianDarriwilianDarriwilianGuniu †/Hulo458.4
Hunjiang †Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo466.3 *
DapingianDapingian467.3
Rangerian469.1 *
Early OrdovicianFloianIbexianBlackhillsianJeffersonian †Cassinian †Yiyangian470
Tulean473.9 *
TremadocianUngurianXinchangian477.7
Lianghekou †477.9 *
Stairsian480.3 *
SkullrockianDemingian †482 *
CambrianFurongianStage 10BatyrbaianFranconian †/Dresbachian/MillardanNiucheheanTaoyuanian †485.4
Sunwaptan487.5
JiangshanianJiangshanian489.5
Aksaian490.7 *
Sakian492.2 *
Steptoean493 *
PaibianPaibian494
Waergangian †/Youshuanian494.9 *
MiaolingianGuzhangianAyusokkanianMarjumianAlbertian †GuzhangianWangcunian †497
499.5
DrumianZhanaarykianDrumian500.5
Tuesaian503
WuliuanTopazanWuliuan/Taijangian504.5
505.3
Delamaran506.5
Series 2Stage 4Waucoban †Duyunian509
Toyonian510 *
Dyeran511 *
Botomian512.5 *
Stage 3Nangaoian514
Montezuman514.8 *
Atdabanian515.6 *
Begadean519.9 *
TerreneuvianStage 2TommotianMeishucunian521
525.5
Fortunian529
Jinnigian530.7
538.8