PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					European Faunal Zones	Devonian of Germany	Mammal Paleogene Zones		Cambrian of North America		Permian of Western Europe
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Gelasian	MN 17							1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	MN 16							2.58
				Piacenzian	MN 15							3.2
				Zanclean	MN 15							3.6
					MN 14							4.2
					MN 13							4.9
			Miocene	Messinian	MN 13							5.333
				Tortonian	MN 12							7.246
					MN 11							7.75
					MN 10							8.7
					MN 9							9.7
					MN 7 + 8							11.1
				Serravallian	MN 7 + 8							11.63
				Serravallian	MN 6							12.8 *
				Langhian	MN 5							13.82
				Burdigalian	MN 4							15.98
					MN 3							16.9
					MN 2							20
				Aquitanian	MN 2							20.44
				Aquitanian	MN 1							22.4
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25				23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian			MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25				27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian			MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A					33.9
				Bartonian			MP 16					37.71
				Lutetian			MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11					41.2
				Ypresian			MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7					47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian			MP 6	MP 1 - 5				56
				Selandian								59.2
				Danian								61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								66
				Campanian								72.1
				Santonian								83.6
				Coniacian								86.3
				Turonian								89.8
				Cenomanian								93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian								100.5
				Aptian								113
				Barremian								121.4
				Hauterivian								125.77
				Valanginian								132.6
				Berriasian								139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								145
				Kimmeridgian								149.2
				Oxfordian								154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
				Bathonian								165.3
				Bajocian								168.2
				Aalenian								170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian								174.7
				Pliensbachian								184.2
				Sinemurian								192.9
				Hettangian								199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								201.4
				Norian								208.5
				Carnian								227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian								237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian								242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian								247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan								251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							Zechstein	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian							Rotliegendes	259.51
				Wordian								264.28
				Roadian								266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian	273.01
			Artinskian	Autunian		283.5
			Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
			Kasimovian			303.7
			Moscovian			307
			Bashkirian			315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
			Visean			330.9
			Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			Adorf			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Givetian			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Eifelian			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Emsian			393.3
			Pragian			Siegen			407.6
			Lochkovian			Gedinnine			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli							Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli							Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		Kuressaare				423
			Ludfordian		Paadla				423.4 *
			Gorstian		Paadla				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		Rootsikula				427.4
			Homerian		Jaagarahu				429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian		Jaagarahu				430.5
			Sheinwoodian		Jaani				431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian		Jaani		433.4
			Telychian		Adavere		434 *
			Aeronian		Adavere		438.5
			Aeronian		Raikkula		439.4 *
			Rhuddanian		Raikkula		440.8
			Rhuddanian		Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
			Katian				445.2
			Sandbian				453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10					Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian					Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian					Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian					Steptoean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Marjumian	Albertian †	497
			Drumian				Marjumian		500.5
			Wuliuan				Topazan		504.5
			Wuliuan				Delamaran		506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4				Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
			Stage 4				Dyeran		511 *
			Stage 3				Dyeran		514
							Montezuman		514.8 *
							Begadean		519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian									635
		Tonian									720
		Tonian								Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian								Karatau	1000
		Stenian								Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian								Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian								Burzyan	1375
												1400