International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | European Faunal Zones | Permian of the Salt Range | Central Paratethys Stages | Silurian of the Baltic | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quaternary | Pleistocene | Gelasian | MN 17 | 1.8 | |||
| Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | MN 16 | 2.58 | |||
| MN 15 | 3.2 | ||||||
| Zanclean | 3.6 | ||||||
| MN 14 | 4.2 | ||||||
| MN 13 | 4.9 | ||||||
| Miocene | Messinian | 5.333 | |||||
| Tortonian | MN 12 | Pannonian | 7.246 | ||||
| MN 11 | 7.75 | ||||||
| MN 10 | 8.7 | ||||||
| MN 9 | 9.7 | ||||||
| MN 7 + 8 | 11.1 | ||||||
| Serravallian | Sarmatian | 11.63 | |||||
| MN 6 | Badenian | 12.8 * | |||||
| Langhian | MN 5 | 13.82 | |||||
| Burdigalian | MN 4 | 15.98 | |||||
| MN 3 | 16.9 | ||||||
| MN 2 | 20 | ||||||
| Aquitanian | 20.44 | ||||||
| MN 1 | 22.4 | ||||||
| Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | 23.03 | ||||
| Rupelian | 27.82 | ||||||
| Eocene | Priabonian | 33.9 | |||||
| Bartonian | 37.71 | ||||||
| Lutetian | 41.2 | ||||||
| Ypresian | 47.8 | ||||||
| Paleocene | Thanetian | 56 | |||||
| Selandian | 59.2 | ||||||
| Danian | 61.6 | ||||||
| Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | 66 | ||||
| Campanian | 72.1 | ||||||
| Santonian | 83.6 | ||||||
| Coniacian | 86.3 | ||||||
| Turonian | 89.8 | ||||||
| Cenomanian | 93.9 | ||||||
| Early Cretaceous | Albian | 100.5 | |||||
| Aptian | 113 | ||||||
| Barremian | 121.4 | ||||||
| Hauterivian | 125.77 | ||||||
| Valanginian | 132.6 | ||||||
| Berriasian | 139.8 | ||||||
| Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | 145 | ||||
| Kimmeridgian | 149.2 | ||||||
| Oxfordian | 154.8 | ||||||
| Middle Jurassic | Callovian | 161.5 | |||||
| Bathonian | 165.3 | ||||||
| Bajocian | 168.2 | ||||||
| Aalenian | 170.9 | ||||||
| Early Jurassic | Toarcian | 174.7 | |||||
| Pliensbachian | 184.2 | ||||||
| Sinemurian | 192.9 | ||||||
| Hettangian | 199.5 | ||||||
| Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | 201.4 | ||||
| Norian | 208.5 | ||||||
| Carnian | 227 | ||||||
| Middle Triassic | Ladinian | 237 | |||||
| Anisian | 242 | ||||||
| Early Triassic | Olenekian | 247.2 | |||||
| Induan | 251.2 | ||||||
| Kathwai | 251.5 * | ||||||
| Permian | Lopingian | Changhsingian | 251.902 | ||||
| 252.4 * | |||||||
| Chhidru | 252.9 * | ||||||
| Wuchiapingian | 254.14 | ||||||
| Kalabagh | 255 * | ||||||
| Wargal | 256 * | ||||||
| Guadalupian | Capitanian | 259.51 | |||||
| Wordian | 264.28 | ||||||
| 265.3 * | |||||||
| Amb | 266.1 * | ||||||
| Roadian | 266.9 | ||||||
| 270.7 * | |||||||
| Cisuralian | Kungurian | 273.01 | |||||
| Artinskian | 283.5 | ||||||
| Sakmarian | 290.1 | ||||||
| Asselian | 293.52 | ||||||
| Carboniferous | Pennsylvanian | Gzhelian | 298.9 | ||||
| Kasimovian | 303.7 | ||||||
| Moscovian | 307 | ||||||
| Bashkirian | 315.2 | ||||||
| Mississippian | Serpukhovian | 323.2 | |||||
| Visean | 330.9 | ||||||
| Tournaisian | 346.7 | ||||||
| Devonian | Late Devonian | Famennian | 358.9 | ||||
| Frasnian | 372.2 | ||||||
| Middle Devonian | Givetian | 382.7 | |||||
| Eifelian | 387.7 | ||||||
| Early Devonian | Emsian | 393.3 | |||||
| Pragian | 407.6 | ||||||
| Lochkovian | 410.8 | ||||||
| Silurian | Pridoli | Ohesaare | 419.2 | ||||
| Kaugetuma | 421.7 * | ||||||
| Ludlow | Ludfordian | Kuressaare | 423 | ||||
| Paadla | 423.4 * | ||||||
| Gorstian | 425.6 | ||||||
| Wenlock | Homerian | Rootsikula | 427.4 | ||||
| Jaagarahu | 429.2 * | ||||||
| Sheinwoodian | 430.5 | ||||||
| Jaani | 431.8 * | ||||||
| Llandovery | Telychian | 433.4 | |||||
| Adavere | 434 * | ||||||
| Aeronian | 438.5 | ||||||
| Raikkula | 439.4 * | ||||||
| Rhuddanian | 440.8 | ||||||
| Juuru | 441.4 * | ||||||
| 443.8 | |||||||