PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					European Faunal Zones	Permian of the Salt Range	Cenozoic Subepochs	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cambrian of Siberia			Precambrian of Russia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene						0.0117
				Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene						0.129
				Calabrian			Early Pleistocene						0.774
				Gelasian	MN 17		Early Pleistocene						1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	MN 16		Late Pliocene						2.58
				Piacenzian	MN 15		Late Pliocene						3.2
				Zanclean	MN 15		Early Pliocene						3.6
					MN 14								4.2
					MN 13								4.9
			Miocene	Messinian	MN 13		Late Miocene						5.333
				Tortonian	MN 12								7.246
					MN 11								7.75
					MN 10								8.7
					MN 9								9.7
					MN 7 + 8								11.1
				Serravallian	MN 7 + 8		Middle Miocene						11.63
				Serravallian	MN 6								12.8 *
				Langhian	MN 5								13.82
				Burdigalian	MN 4		Early Miocene						15.98
					MN 3								16.9
					MN 2								20
				Aquitanian	MN 2								20.44
				Aquitanian	MN 1								22.4
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Late Oligocene						23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian			Early Oligocene						27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian			Late Eocene						33.9
				Bartonian			Middle Eocene						37.71
				Lutetian			Middle Eocene						41.2
				Ypresian			Early Eocene						47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Late Paleocene						56
				Selandian			Middle Paleocene						59.2
				Danian			Early Paleocene						61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
				Campanian									72.1
				Santonian									83.6
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
				Cenomanian									93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
				Aptian									113
				Barremian									121.4
				Hauterivian									125.77
				Valanginian									132.6
				Berriasian									139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
				Kimmeridgian									149.2
				Oxfordian									154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
				Bathonian									165.3
				Bajocian									168.2
				Aalenian									170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
				Pliensbachian									184.2
				Sinemurian									192.9
				Hettangian									199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
				Norian									208.5
				Carnian									227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
				Induan									251.2
				Induan		Kathwai							251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Kathwai		Melekhovian					251.902
						252.4 *
Chhidru						252.9 *
Chhidru				Wuchiapingian		254.14
Kalabagh						255 *
Wargal						256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
				Wordian		264.28
						Noginskian		264.9 *
								265.3 *
Amb								266.1 *
Amb				Roadian				266.9
				Roadian				270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
				Kungurian		Pavlovoposadian		276.8 *
				Artinskian		Pavlovoposadian		283.5
				Artinskian		Rusavkinian		287.6 *
				Sakmarian				290.1
				Asselian				293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
				Kasimovian		Dorogomilovian		303.7
						Khamovnikian		304.8
						Krevyakinian		305.8 *
				Moscovian		Myachkovian		307
					Podolskian	308.9 *
					Kashirian	311.4 *
					Vereian	313.8
					Melekessian	314.8
				Bashkirian	Melekessian	315.2
					Cheremshanian	316.9 *
					Prikamian	318.6 *
					Severokeltmian	319.9 *
					Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
					Voznesenian	321.9 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Zapaltjubian	323.2
					Protvian	324.4 *
					Steshevian	326.8 *
					Tarusian	329 *
				Visean	Venevian	330.9
					Mikhailovian	331.9 *
					Aleksinian	333.7 *
					Tulian	335.8 *
					Bobrikian	339.9 *
					Radaevkian	343.4 *
				Tournaisian	Kosvian	346.7
					Kizelian	350.7 *
					Cherepetian	351.9 *
					Karakubian	354.4 *
					Upinian	356.3 *
					Malevkian	357.6 *
					Gumerovian	358 *
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian		Adorf	372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian	382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Eifelian	387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian		Emsian	393.3
				Pragian		Siegen	407.6
				Lochkovian		Gedinnine	410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
			Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
			Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian			Gleedonian	427.4
				Homerian			Whitwellian	429.7 *
				Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery		Telychian	433.4
			Aeronian	438.5
			Rhuddanian	440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian	445.2
			Sandbian	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian	470
			Tremadocian	477.7
			Tremadocian	Mansian †				483.55 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Batyrbaian				Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
Jiangshanian			489.5	Batyrbaian
			Aksaian	490.7 *
			Sakian	492.2 *
Paibian				494
Paibian				Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian					494.7 *
Miaolingian		Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian						497
		Guzhangian	Mayan/Menevian						499.5
		Drumian	Mayan/Menevian						500.5
		Wuliuan	Amgan/Solvan						504.5
Series 2		Stage 4	Amgan/Solvan						509
			Toyonian	Lenian †					510 *
			Botomian						512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian						514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian						515.6 *
Terreneuvian		Stage 2	Tommotian						521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian						525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †					529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian									Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau	1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian									Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian									Burzyan	1375
													1400