PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127083 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			European Faunal Zones	Permian of Western Europe	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Devonian of France	Silurian of the Baltic	Obsolete Names for ICS Units		Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Wanganui	Haweran						0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Nihewanian	0.0117
		Chibanian										0.129
		Chibanian				Castlecliffian						0.34
		Calabrian				Castlecliffian						0.774
		Calabrian				Nukumaruan						1.63
		Gelasian	MN 17			Nukumaruan						1.8
		Gelasian	MN 17			Mangapanian						2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	MN 16			Mangapanian			Tertiary †		Yushean	2.58
			MN 16			Waipipian						3
			MN 15									3.2
		Zanclean										3.6
						Opoitian						3.7
			MN 14									4.2
			MN 13								Baodean	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian			Taranaki	Kapitean						5.333
		Messinian				Tongaporutuan						7.2
		Tortonian	MN 12									7.246
			MN 11									7.75
			MN 10									8.7
			MN 9									9.7
			MN 9		Southland	Waiauan						11.04
			MN 7 + 8								Tunggurian	11.1
		Serravallian	MN 7 + 8									11.63
			MN 6									12.8 *
			MN 6			Lillburnian						13.05
		Langhian	MN 5			Lillburnian					Shanwangian	13.82
						Clifdenian						15.1
					Pareora	Altonian						15.9
		Burdigalian	MN 4									15.98
			MN 3								Xiejiaan	16.9
			MN 3			Otaian						18.7
			MN 2									20
		Aquitanian										20.44
					Landon	Waitakian						21.7
			MN 1									22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
						Duntroonian						25.2
						Whaingaroan						27.3
		Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
					Arnold	Runangan						34.6
						Kaiatan						36.7
		Bartonian				Kaiatan						37.71
		Bartonian				Bortonian						39.1
		Lutetian				Bortonian						41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan						42.6
						Heretaungan						45.7
		Ypresian				Heretaungan						47.8
						Mangaorapan						48.9
						Waipawan						52
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Teurian						56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Mata	Haumurian						66
		Campanian				Haumurian						72.1
		Santonian				Piripauan						83.6
		Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan						86.1
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
						Mangaotanean						90.5
						Arowhanan						93.7
		Cenomanian		93.9		Arowhanan
				Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
					Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan	100.5
					Urutawan	103.3
				Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian			Korangan	113
		Aptian				117.5
		Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
		Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				168.2
		Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
		Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian				208.5
		Carnian				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Zechstein	Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Rotliegendes		259.51
		Wordian						264.28
		Roadian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
		Artinskian				Autunian		283.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Couvinien		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Pragian				Coblencien		408.2 *
		Lochkovian				Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							Ohesaare		419.2
	Pridoli							Kaugetuma		421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian						Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian						Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian						Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian						Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian						Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian						Jaani	433.4
		Telychian						Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian						Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian						Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian						Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian						Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
		Katian							445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		485.4
		Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †	497
		Drumian			500.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †		504.5
												509