International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
- F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126764 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | European Faunal Zones | Mesozoic Subages | Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quaternary | Pleistocene | Gelasian | MN 17 | 1.8 | |||
| Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | MN 16 | 2.58 | |||
| MN 15 | 3.2 | ||||||
| Zanclean | 3.6 | ||||||
| MN 14 | 4.2 | ||||||
| MN 13 | 4.9 | ||||||
| Miocene | Messinian | 5.333 | |||||
| Tortonian | MN 12 | 7.246 | |||||
| MN 11 | 7.75 | ||||||
| MN 10 | 8.7 | ||||||
| MN 9 | 9.7 | ||||||
| MN 7 + 8 | 11.1 | ||||||
| Serravallian | 11.63 | ||||||
| MN 6 | 12.8 * | ||||||
| Langhian | MN 5 | 13.82 | |||||
| Burdigalian | MN 4 | 15.98 | |||||
| MN 3 | 16.9 | ||||||
| MN 2 | 20 | ||||||
| Aquitanian | 20.44 | ||||||
| MN 1 | 22.4 | ||||||
| Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | 23.03 | ||||
| Rupelian | 27.82 | ||||||
| Eocene | Priabonian | 33.9 | |||||
| Bartonian | 37.71 | ||||||
| Lutetian | 41.2 | ||||||
| Ypresian | 47.8 | ||||||
| Paleocene | Thanetian | 56 | |||||
| Selandian | 59.2 | ||||||
| Danian | 61.6 | ||||||
| Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian | 66 | |||
| Campanian | Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian | 72.1 | |||||
| Santonian | Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian | 83.6 | |||||
| Coniacian | Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian | 86.3 | |||||
| Turonian | Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian | 89.8 | |||||
| Cenomanian | Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian | 93.9 | |||||
| Early Cretaceous | Albian | Late Albian | 100.5 | ||||
| Middle Albian | 106.2 * | ||||||
| Early Albian | 109.9 * | ||||||
| Aptian | Late Aptian | 113 | |||||
| Early Aptian | 119.5 * | ||||||
| Barremian | Late Barremian/Early Barremian | 121.4 | |||||
| Hauterivian | Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian | 125.77 | |||||
| Valanginian | Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian | 132.6 | |||||
| Berriasian | Late Berriasian | 139.8 | |||||
| Middle Berriasian | 140.6 * | ||||||
| Early Berriasian | 142.7 * | ||||||
| Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | Late Tithonian | Middle Tithonian | 145 | ||
| Early Tithonian | 146.3 * | ||||||
| Kimmeridgian | Late Kimmeridgian | 149.2 | |||||
| Early Kimmeridgian | 152.2 * | ||||||
| Oxfordian | Late Oxfordian | Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian | 154.8 | ||||
| 157.9 * | |||||||
| Middle Jurassic | Callovian | Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian | 161.5 | ||||
| Bathonian | Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian | 165.3 | |||||
| Bajocian | Late Bajocian | 168.2 | |||||
| Early Bajocian | 168.6 * | ||||||
| Aalenian | Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian | 170.9 | |||||
| Early Jurassic | Toarcian | Late Toarcian | 174.7 | ||||
| Middle Toarcian | 180.4 * | ||||||
| Early Toarcian | 182.9 * | ||||||
| Pliensbachian | Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian | 184.2 | |||||
| Sinemurian | Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian | 192.9 | |||||
| Hettangian | Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian | 199.5 | |||||
| Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | 201.4 | ||||
| Norian | Sevatian | 208.5 | |||||
| Alaunian | 213.2 * | ||||||
| Lacian | 216.7 * | ||||||
| Carnian | Tuvalian | 227 | |||||
| Julian | 233.4 * | ||||||
| Middle Triassic | Ladinian | Longobardian | 237 | ||||
| Fassanian | 239.7 * | ||||||
| Anisian | Illyrian | 242 | |||||
| Pelsonian | 243.8 * | ||||||
| Bithynian | 244.7 * | ||||||
| Aegean | 245.5 * | ||||||
| Early Triassic | Olenekian | Spathian | 247.2 | ||||
| Smithian | 248.9 * | ||||||
| Induan | Dienerian | 251.2 | |||||
| Griesbachian | 251.4 * | ||||||
| Permian | Lopingian | Changhsingian | 251.902 | ||||
| Wuchiapingian | 254.14 | ||||||
| Guadalupian | Capitanian | 259.51 | |||||
| Wordian | 264.28 | ||||||
| Roadian | 266.9 | ||||||
| Cisuralian | Kungurian | 273.01 | |||||
| Artinskian | 283.5 | ||||||
| Sakmarian | 290.1 | ||||||
| Asselian | 293.52 | ||||||
| Carboniferous | Pennsylvanian | Gzhelian | Mapingian † | 298.9 | |||
| Kasimovian | 303.7 | ||||||
| 305.9 | |||||||