International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
- J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | European Faunal Zones | Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe | Carboniferous of Western Europe | Permian of Western Europe | Cambrian of West Avalonia | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quaternary | Pleistocene | Gelasian | MN 17 | 1.8 | ||||||
| Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | MN 16 | 2.58 | ||||||
| MN 15 | 3.2 | |||||||||
| Zanclean | 3.6 | |||||||||
| MN 14 | 4.2 | |||||||||
| MN 13 | 4.9 | |||||||||
| Miocene | Messinian | 5.333 | ||||||||
| Tortonian | MN 12 | 7.246 | ||||||||
| MN 11 | 7.75 | |||||||||
| MN 10 | 8.7 | |||||||||
| MN 9 | 9.7 | |||||||||
| MN 7 + 8 | 11.1 | |||||||||
| Serravallian | 11.63 | |||||||||
| MN 6 | 12.8 * | |||||||||
| Langhian | MN 5 | 13.82 | ||||||||
| Burdigalian | MN 4 | 15.98 | ||||||||
| MN 3 | 16.9 | |||||||||
| MN 2 | 20 | |||||||||
| Aquitanian | 20.44 | |||||||||
| MN 1 | 22.4 | |||||||||
| Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | 23.03 | |||||||
| Rupelian | 27.82 | |||||||||
| Eocene | Priabonian | 33.9 | ||||||||
| Bartonian | 37.71 | |||||||||
| Lutetian | 41.2 | |||||||||
| Ypresian | 47.8 | |||||||||
| Paleocene | Thanetian | 56 | ||||||||
| Selandian | 59.2 | |||||||||
| Danian | 61.6 | |||||||||
| Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | 66 | |||||||
| Campanian | 72.1 | |||||||||
| Santonian | 83.6 | |||||||||
| Coniacian | 86.3 | |||||||||
| Turonian | 89.8 | |||||||||
| Cenomanian | 93.9 | |||||||||
| Early Cretaceous | Albian | 100.5 | ||||||||
| Aptian | 113 | |||||||||
| Barremian | 121.4 | |||||||||
| Hauterivian | 125.77 | |||||||||
| Valanginian | 132.6 | |||||||||
| Berriasian | 139.8 | |||||||||
| Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | 145 | |||||||
| Kimmeridgian | 149.2 | |||||||||
| Oxfordian | 154.8 | |||||||||
| Middle Jurassic | Callovian | 161.5 | ||||||||
| Bathonian | 165.3 | |||||||||
| Bajocian | Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites | 168.2 | ||||||||
| Humphresianum | 168.4 | |||||||||
| Aalenian | Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum | 170.9 | ||||||||
| Early Jurassic | Toarcian | Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons | Thouarsense | 174.7 | ||||||
| 180.1 | ||||||||||
| Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum | 182 | |||||||||
| Pliensbachian | Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni | 184.2 | ||||||||
| Sinemurian | Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi | 192.9 | ||||||||
| Hettangian | Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis | 199.5 | ||||||||
| Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | 201.4 | |||||||
| Norian | 208.5 | |||||||||
| Carnian | 227 | |||||||||
| Middle Triassic | Ladinian | 237 | ||||||||
| Anisian | 242 | |||||||||
| Early Triassic | Olenekian | 247.2 | ||||||||
| Induan | 251.2 | |||||||||
| Permian | Lopingian | Changhsingian | 251.902 | |||||||
| Wuchiapingian | Zechstein | 254.14 | ||||||||
| Guadalupian | Capitanian | Rotliegendes | 259.51 | |||||||
| Wordian | 264.28 | |||||||||
| Roadian | 266.9 | |||||||||
| Cisuralian | Kungurian | 273.01 | ||||||||
| Artinskian | Autunian | 283.5 | ||||||||
| Sakmarian | 290.1 | |||||||||
| Asselian | 293.52 | |||||||||
| Kuzel | 297.7 | |||||||||
| Carboniferous | Pennsylvanian | Gzhelian | 298.9 | |||||||
| Stephanian | Stephanian C | 300.3 * | ||||||||
| Stephanian B | 300.9 * | |||||||||
| Stephanian A | 301.4 * | |||||||||
| Kasimovian | 303.7 | |||||||||
| Cantabrian | 305 * | |||||||||
| Moscovian | 307 | |||||||||
| Westphalian | Westphalian D | 307.4 * | ||||||||
| Westphalian C | 309.8 | |||||||||
| Westphalian B | 314.6 | |||||||||
| Bashkirian | 315.2 | |||||||||
| Westphalian A | 317 * | |||||||||
| Namurian | Yeadonian | 318.8 * | ||||||||
| Marsdenian | 320.2 * | |||||||||
| Kinderscoutian | 321.5 * | |||||||||
| Alportian | 322 * | |||||||||
| Chokierian | 323.1 * | |||||||||
| Mississippian | Serpukhovian | 323.2 | ||||||||
| Arnsbergian | 324 * | |||||||||
| Pendleian | 327.4 * | |||||||||
| Visean | Warnantian | Brigantian † | 330.9 | |||||||
| Livian | Asbian † | 336.3 * | ||||||||
| Moliniacian | Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian | 340.2 * | ||||||||
| Tournaisian | Ivorian | 346.7 | ||||||||
| Hastarian | 353.7 * | |||||||||
| Devonian | Late Devonian | Famennian | 358.9 | |||||||
| Frasnian | 372.2 | |||||||||
| Middle Devonian | Givetian | 382.7 | ||||||||
| Eifelian | 387.7 | |||||||||
| Early Devonian | Emsian | 393.3 | ||||||||
| Pragian | 407.6 | |||||||||
| Lochkovian | 410.8 | |||||||||
| Silurian | Pridoli | 419.2 | ||||||||
| Ludlow | Ludfordian | 423 | ||||||||
| Gorstian | 425.6 | |||||||||
| Wenlock | Homerian | 427.4 | ||||||||
| Sheinwoodian | 430.5 | |||||||||
| Llandovery | Telychian | 433.4 | ||||||||
| Aeronian | 438.5 | |||||||||
| Rhuddanian | 440.8 | |||||||||
| Ordovician | Late Ordovician | Hirnantian | 443.8 | |||||||
| Katian | 445.2 | |||||||||
| Sandbian | 453 | |||||||||
| Middle Ordovician | Darriwilian | 458.4 | ||||||||
| Dapingian | 467.3 | |||||||||
| Early Ordovician | Floian | 470 | ||||||||
| Tremadocian | 477.7 | |||||||||
| Cambrian | Furongian | Stage 10 | 485.4 | |||||||
| Jiangshanian | 489.5 | |||||||||
| Paibian | 494 | |||||||||
| Miaolingian | Guzhangian | 497 | ||||||||
| Arcadian | 498.4 | |||||||||
| Drumian | 500.5 | |||||||||
| Wuliuan | 504.5 | |||||||||
| Series 2 | Stage 4 | Branchian | 509 | |||||||
| Stage 3 | 514 | |||||||||
| Placentian | 517.1 | |||||||||
| Terreneuvian | Stage 2 | 521 | ||||||||
| Fortunian | 529 | |||||||||
| 538.8 | ||||||||||