PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					European Faunal Zones	Ten Million Year Bins	Mammal Paleogene Zones		Carboniferous of North America	Cambrian of North America		Permian of Western Europe
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Cenozoic 6							0
				Northgrippian									0.0042
				Greenlandian									0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
				Chibanian									0.129
				Calabrian									0.774
				Gelasian	MN 17								1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	MN 16								2.58
				Piacenzian	MN 15								3.2
				Zanclean	MN 15								3.6
					MN 14								4.2
					MN 13								4.9
			Miocene	Messinian	MN 13								5.333
				Tortonian	MN 12								7.246
					MN 11								7.75
					MN 10								8.7
					MN 9								9.7
					MN 7 + 8								11.1
				Serravallian	MN 7 + 8	Cenozoic 5							11.63
				Serravallian	MN 6								12.8 *
				Langhian	MN 5								13.82
				Burdigalian	MN 4								15.98
					MN 3								16.9
					MN 2								20
				Aquitanian	MN 2								20.44
				Aquitanian	MN 1								22.4
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Cenozoic 4	MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25					23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian		Cenozoic 4	MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25					27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian		Cenozoic 3	MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A						33.9
				Bartonian		Cenozoic 3	MP 16						37.71
				Lutetian		Cenozoic 2	MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11						41.2
				Ypresian		Cenozoic 2	MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7						47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Cenozoic 1	MP 6	MP 1 - 5					56
				Selandian									59.2
				Danian									61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Cretaceous 8							66
				Campanian		Cretaceous 7							72.1
				Santonian		Cretaceous 6							83.6
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
				Cenomanian		Cretaceous 5							93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian		Cretaceous 4							100.5
				Aptian		Cretaceous 3							113
				Barremian		Cretaceous 2							121.4
				Hauterivian		Cretaceous 2							125.77
				Valanginian		Cretaceous 1							132.6
				Berriasian		Cretaceous 1							139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Jurassic 6							145
				Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5							149.2
				Oxfordian									154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
				Bathonian		Jurassic 4							165.3
				Bajocian		Jurassic 4							168.2
				Aalenian		Jurassic 3							170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Jurassic 3							174.7
				Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2							184.2
				Sinemurian		Jurassic 1							192.9
				Hettangian		Jurassic 1							199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4							201.4
				Norian		Triassic 4							208.5
				Carnian		Triassic 3							227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2							237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian		Triassic 2							242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1							247.2
Induan			Early Triassic	251.2		Triassic 1
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4		251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Zechstein			254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian			Rotliegendes			259.51
			Wordian						264.28
			Roadian	Permian 3					266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2					273.01
			Artinskian			Autunian			283.5
			Sakmarian						290.1
			Asselian	Permian 1					Bursumian †	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5		Virgilian				298.9
			Kasimovian			Missourian				303.7
			Kasimovian			Desmoinesian				305.9 *
			Moscovian	Carboniferous 4		Desmoinesian				307
			Moscovian			Atokan				312.7 *
			Bashkirian			Atokan				315.2
			Bashkirian			Morrowan				318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3		Chesterian				323.2
			Visean	Carboniferous 2		Chesterian				330.9
						Meramecian				335.8 *
						Osagean				343.1 *
			Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1		Osagean				346.7
			Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1		Kinderhookian				351.9 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5						358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4						372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3						382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2	393.3
			Pragian	Devonian 1	407.6
			Lochkovian	Devonian 1	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2	Ohesaare					419.2
		Pridoli			Kaugetuma					421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		Kuressaare					423
			Ludfordian		Paadla		423.4 *
			Gorstian		Paadla		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		Rootsikula		427.4
			Homerian		Jaagarahu		429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian		Jaagarahu		430.5
			Sheinwoodian		Jaani		431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1	Jaani		433.4
			Telychian		Adavere		434 *
			Aeronian		Adavere		438.5
			Aeronian		Raikkula		439.4 *
			Rhuddanian		Raikkula		440.8
			Rhuddanian		Juuru		441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5			443.8
			Katian	Ordovician 5			445.2
			Sandbian	Ordovician 4			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3			458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2			467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2			470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5			Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10					Sunwaptan		487.5
			Jiangshanian					Sunwaptan		489.5
			Jiangshanian					Steptoean		493 *
			Paibian					Steptoean		494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4			Marjumian	Albertian †		497
			Drumian	Cambrian 4			Marjumian			500.5
			Wuliuan	Cambrian 3			Topazan			504.5
			Wuliuan				Delamaran			506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4				Delamaran	Waucoban †		509
			Stage 4				Dyeran			511 *
			Stage 3	Cambrian 2			Dyeran			514
							Montezuman			514.8 *
Begadean							519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian									Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau	1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian							1200		Yurmatian
		Ectasian							Burzyan		1375
													1400