PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127083 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					European Faunal Zones	Ten Million Year Bins	Silurian of the Baltic	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Ordovician of Australia	Cambrian of Britain		Permian of the Pamirs	Obsolete Precambrian Ages			Precambrian of Russia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Cenozoic 6											0
				Northgrippian													0.0042
				Greenlandian													0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
				Chibanian													0.129
				Calabrian													0.774
				Gelasian	MN 17												1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	MN 16												2.58
				Piacenzian	MN 15												3.2
				Zanclean	MN 15												3.6
					MN 14												4.2
					MN 13												4.9
			Miocene	Messinian	MN 13												5.333
				Tortonian	MN 12												7.246
					MN 11												7.75
					MN 10												8.7
					MN 9												9.7
					MN 7 + 8												11.1
				Serravallian	MN 7 + 8	Cenozoic 5											11.63
				Serravallian	MN 6												12.8 *
				Langhian	MN 5												13.82
				Burdigalian	MN 4												15.98
					MN 3												16.9
					MN 2												20
				Aquitanian	MN 2												20.44
				Aquitanian	MN 1												22.4
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Cenozoic 4											23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian		Cenozoic 4											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian		Cenozoic 3											33.9
				Bartonian		Cenozoic 3											37.71
				Lutetian		Cenozoic 2											41.2
				Ypresian		Cenozoic 2											47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Cenozoic 1											56
				Selandian													59.2
				Danian													61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Cretaceous 8											66
				Campanian		Cretaceous 7											72.1
				Santonian		Cretaceous 6											83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian		Cretaceous 5											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian		Cretaceous 4											100.5
				Aptian		Cretaceous 3											113
				Barremian		Cretaceous 2											121.4
				Hauterivian		Cretaceous 2											125.77
				Valanginian		Cretaceous 1											132.6
				Berriasian		Cretaceous 1											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Jurassic 6											145
				Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5											149.2
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Bathonian		Jurassic 4											165.3
				Bajocian		Jurassic 4											168.2
				Aalenian		Jurassic 3											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Jurassic 3											174.7
				Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2											184.2
				Sinemurian		Jurassic 1											192.9
				Hettangian		Jurassic 1											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4											201.4
				Norian		Triassic 4											208.5
				Carnian		Triassic 3											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian		Triassic 2											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1											247.2
Induan			Early Triassic	251.2		Triassic 1
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4		Dorashamian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Dzhulfian	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian			Midian	259.51
			Wordian			Midian	264.28
			Wordian			Murgabian	266.2 *
			Roadian	Permian 3		Murgabian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2		Kubergandian	273.01
			Kungurian			Bolorian	279.8
			Artinskian			Bolorian	283.5
			Artinskian			Yakhtashian	286
			Sakmarian			Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian	Permian 1		Asselian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5			298.9
			Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5			303.7
			Moscovian	Carboniferous 4			307
			Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4			315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3			323.2
			Visean	Carboniferous 2			330.9
			Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1			346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			Srbsko	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3			Chotec	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2			Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
			Pragian	Devonian 1			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	Devonian 1	Lochkovian		410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2	Ohesaare			419.2
		Pridoli			Kaugetuma			421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		Kuressaare			423
			Ludfordian		Paadla			423.4 *
			Gorstian		Paadla			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		Rootsikula			427.4
			Homerian		Jaagarahu			429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian		Jaagarahu			430.5
			Sheinwoodian		Jaani			431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1	Jaani			433.4
			Telychian		Adavere			434 *
			Aeronian		Adavere			438.5
			Aeronian		Raikkula			439.4 *
			Rhuddanian		Raikkula			440.8
			Rhuddanian		Juuru			441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5				Bolindian	443.8
			Katian					Bolindian	445.2
								Eastonian	449 *
								Gisbornian	452 *
			Sandbian	Ordovician 4				Gisbornian	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3				Darriwilian	458.4
			Dapingian	Ordovician 2				Yapeenian	467.3
			Dapingian					Castlemainian	468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian					Chewtonian	470
								Bendigonian	471.8 *
								Lancefieldian	473.5 *
			Tremadocian	Ordovician 1				Lancefieldian	477.7
			Tremadocian	Ordovician 1				Warendian	482.8 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5					Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
			Stage 10							Festiniogian	Niuchehean		489.2 *
			Jiangshanian							Festiniogian	Jiangshanian		489.5
			Jiangshanian							Maentwrogian	Jiangshanian		493.1 *
			Paibian								Paibian		494
			Paibian								Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4					St Davids		Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
			Drumian	Cambrian 4							Drumian	Wangcunian †	500.5
			Wuliuan	Cambrian 3							Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3					Caerfai		Duyunian		509
Stage 3		Series 2	Cambrian 2	Nangaoian							514
Terreneuvian		Stage 2	Cambrian 2	Meishucunian							521
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1	Meishucunian							529
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1	Jinnigian							530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Poundian †	Vendian	538.8
		Ediacaran											Vendian †	Wonokan †	Vendian	571.7 *
		Cryogenian														635
		Tonian														720
		Tonian													Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian													Karatau	1000
		Stenian													Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian													Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian				Burzyan									1375
																	1400