PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			European Faunal Units	Central Paratethys Stages	Permian of the Russian Platform		Devonian of France	Cambrian of Australia	Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Nihewanian	0.0117
		Chibanian								0.129
		Calabrian								0.774
		Gelasian								1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Villanyian						Yushean	2.58
		Piacenzian	Ruscinian							3.1 *
		Zanclean								3.6
		Zanclean							Baodean	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian	Turolian							5.333
		Tortonian	Turolian	Pannonian						7.246
			Vallesian							8.7
			Vallesian						Tunggurian	11.1
		Serravallian	Astaracian	Sarmatian						11.63
		Serravallian		Badenian						12.8 *
		Langhian							Shanwangian	13.82
		Burdigalian	Orleanian						Shanwangian	15.98
			Orleanian						Xiejiaan	16.9
			Agenian							20
		Aquitanian	Agenian							20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian								27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian								33.9
		Bartonian								37.71
		Lutetian								41.2
		Ypresian								47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian								56
		Selandian								59.2
		Danian								61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								66
		Campanian								72.1
		Santonian								83.6
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
		Cenomanian								93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian								100.5
		Aptian								113
		Barremian								121.4
		Hauterivian								125.77
		Valanginian								132.6
		Berriasian								139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								145
		Kimmeridgian								149.2
		Oxfordian								154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
		Bathonian								165.3
		Bajocian								168.2
		Aalenian								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian								174.7
		Pliensbachian								184.2
		Sinemurian								192.9
		Hettangian								199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								201.4
		Norian								208.5
		Carnian								227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian								237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian								242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian								247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan								251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								251.902
		Wuchiapingian								254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Tatarian	Vyatkian				256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Severodvinian				259.51
		Wordian				Urzhumian				264.28
		Roadian			Kazanian	Povolzhian				266.9
		Roadian			Kazanian	Sokian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
						Filipovian	276.5 *
						Saraninian	280.1 *
		Artinskian			Artinskian	Sarginian	283.5
						Irginian	285.9 *
						Burtsevian	287.8 *
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian			Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
						Uskalykian	294.8
						Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Couvinien	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Pragian	Coblencien	408.2 *
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
		Katian		445.2
		Sandbian		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Datsonian			Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
				Payntonian				486.8 *
				Payntonian				Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian		Iverian				Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian		Iverian				Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian		Idamean				Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Mindyallan			Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian		Boomerangian					499
		Drumian		Undillan					500.5
		Drumian		Floran					503
		Wuliuan		Templetonian			Topazan		504.5
				Templetonian			Delamaran		506.5
				Ordian					507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4		Ordian				Waucoban †	509
									510.8 *
							Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3					Dyeran		514
							Montezuman		514.8 *
							Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
										538.8