International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | European Faunal Units | Cambrian Epochs | Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform | Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | Villanyian | 2.58 | |||
| Ruscinian | 3.1 * | ||||||
| Zanclean | 3.6 | ||||||
| Miocene | Messinian | Turolian | 5.333 | ||||
| Tortonian | 7.246 | ||||||
| Vallesian | 8.7 | ||||||
| Serravallian | Astaracian | 11.63 | |||||
| Langhian | 13.82 | ||||||
| Burdigalian | Orleanian | 15.98 | |||||
| Agenian | 20 | ||||||
| Aquitanian | 20.44 | ||||||
| Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | 23.03 | ||||
| Rupelian | 27.82 | ||||||
| Eocene | Priabonian | 33.9 | |||||
| Bartonian | 37.71 | ||||||
| Lutetian | 41.2 | ||||||
| Ypresian | 47.8 | ||||||
| Paleocene | Thanetian | 56 | |||||
| Selandian | 59.2 | ||||||
| Danian | 61.6 | ||||||
| Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | Lancian/Edmontonian | 66 | |||
| Campanian | Judithian/Aquilan | 72.1 | |||||
| Santonian | 83.6 | ||||||
| Coniacian | 86.3 | ||||||
| Turonian | 89.8 | ||||||
| Cenomanian | 93.9 | ||||||
| Early Cretaceous | Albian | 100.5 | |||||
| Aptian | 113 | ||||||
| Barremian | 121.4 | ||||||
| Hauterivian | 125.77 | ||||||
| Valanginian | 132.6 | ||||||
| Berriasian | 139.8 | ||||||
| Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | 145 | ||||
| Kimmeridgian | 149.2 | ||||||
| Oxfordian | 154.8 | ||||||
| Middle Jurassic | Callovian | 161.5 | |||||
| Bathonian | 165.3 | ||||||
| Bajocian | 168.2 | ||||||
| Aalenian | 170.9 | ||||||
| Early Jurassic | Toarcian | 174.7 | |||||
| Pliensbachian | 184.2 | ||||||
| Sinemurian | 192.9 | ||||||
| Hettangian | 199.5 | ||||||
| Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | 201.4 | ||||
| Norian | 208.5 | ||||||
| Carnian | 227 | ||||||
| Middle Triassic | Ladinian | 237 | |||||
| Anisian | 242 | ||||||
| Early Triassic | Olenekian | 247.2 | |||||
| Induan | 251.2 | ||||||
| Permian | Lopingian | Changhsingian | Melekhovian | 251.902 | |||
| Wuchiapingian | 254.14 | ||||||
| Guadalupian | Capitanian | 259.51 | |||||
| Wordian | 264.28 | ||||||
| Noginskian | 264.9 * | ||||||
| Roadian | 266.9 | ||||||
| Cisuralian | Kungurian | 273.01 | |||||
| Pavlovoposadian | 276.8 * | ||||||
| Artinskian | 283.5 | ||||||
| Rusavkinian | 287.6 * | ||||||
| Sakmarian | 290.1 | ||||||
| Asselian | 293.52 | ||||||
| Carboniferous | Pennsylvanian | Gzhelian | 298.9 | ||||
| Kasimovian | Dorogomilovian | 303.7 | |||||
| Khamovnikian | 304.8 | ||||||
| Krevyakinian | 305.8 * | ||||||
| Moscovian | Myachkovian | 307 | |||||
| Podolskian | 308.9 * | ||||||
| Kashirian | 311.4 * | ||||||
| Vereian | 313.8 | ||||||
| Melekessian | 314.8 | ||||||
| Bashkirian | 315.2 | ||||||
| Cheremshanian | 316.9 * | ||||||
| Prikamian | 318.6 * | ||||||
| Severokeltmian | 319.9 * | ||||||
| Krasnopolyanian | 321.2 * | ||||||
| Voznesenian | 321.9 * | ||||||
| Mississippian | Serpukhovian | Zapaltjubian | 323.2 | ||||
| Protvian | 324.4 * | ||||||
| Steshevian | 326.8 * | ||||||
| Tarusian | 329 * | ||||||
| Visean | Venevian | 330.9 | |||||
| Mikhailovian | 331.9 * | ||||||
| Aleksinian | 333.7 * | ||||||
| Tulian | 335.8 * | ||||||
| Bobrikian | 339.9 * | ||||||
| Radaevkian | 343.4 * | ||||||
| Tournaisian | Kosvian | 346.7 | |||||
| Kizelian | 350.7 * | ||||||
| Cherepetian | 351.9 * | ||||||
| Karakubian | 354.4 * | ||||||
| Upinian | 356.3 * | ||||||
| Malevkian | 357.6 * | ||||||
| Gumerovian | 358 * | ||||||
| Devonian | Late Devonian | Famennian | 358.9 | ||||
| Frasnian | 372.2 | ||||||
| Middle Devonian | Givetian | 382.7 | |||||
| Eifelian | 387.7 | ||||||
| Early Devonian | Emsian | 393.3 | |||||
| Pragian | 407.6 | ||||||
| Lochkovian | 410.8 | ||||||
| Silurian | Pridoli | 419.2 | |||||
| Ludlow | Ludfordian | 423 | |||||
| Gorstian | 425.6 | ||||||
| Wenlock | Homerian | 427.4 | |||||
| Sheinwoodian | 430.5 | ||||||
| Llandovery | Telychian | 433.4 | |||||
| Aeronian | 438.5 | ||||||
| Rhuddanian | 440.8 | ||||||
| Ordovician | Late Ordovician | Hirnantian | 443.8 | ||||
| Katian | 445.2 | ||||||
| Sandbian | 453 | ||||||
| Middle Ordovician | Darriwilian | 458.4 | |||||
| Dapingian | 467.3 | ||||||
| Early Ordovician | Floian | 470 | |||||
| Tremadocian | 477.7 | ||||||
| Cambrian | Furongian | Stage 10 | Late Cambrian | 485.4 | |||
| Jiangshanian | 489.5 | ||||||
| Paibian | 494 | ||||||
| Miaolingian | Guzhangian | Middle Cambrian | 497 | ||||
| Drumian | 500.5 | ||||||
| Wuliuan | 504.5 | ||||||
| Series 2 | Stage 4 | Early Cambrian | 509 | ||||
| Stage 3 | 514 | ||||||
| Terreneuvian | Stage 2 | 521 | |||||
| Fortunian | 529 | ||||||
| 538.8 | |||||||