International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
- A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
- M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | European Faunal Units | Devonian Subages | Cambrian of Australia | Permian of the Salt Range | Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages | Cambrian of Kazakhstan | Ten Million Year Bins | Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe | Central Paratethys Stages | Silurian of the Baltic | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | Cenozoic 6 | 0 | |||||||||
Northgrippian | 0.0042 | ||||||||||||
Greenlandian | 0.0082 | ||||||||||||
Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | 0.0117 | |||||||||||
Chibanian | 0.129 | ||||||||||||
Calabrian | 0.774 | ||||||||||||
Gelasian | 1.8 | ||||||||||||
Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | Villanyian | 2.58 | |||||||||
Ruscinian | 3.1 * | ||||||||||||
Zanclean | 3.6 | ||||||||||||
Miocene | Messinian | Turolian | 5.333 | ||||||||||
Tortonian | Pannonian | 7.246 | |||||||||||
Vallesian | 8.7 | ||||||||||||
Serravallian | Astaracian | Cenozoic 5 | Sarmatian | 11.63 | |||||||||
Badenian | 12.8 * | ||||||||||||
Langhian | 13.82 | ||||||||||||
Burdigalian | Orleanian | 15.98 | |||||||||||
Agenian | 20 | ||||||||||||
Aquitanian | 20.44 | ||||||||||||
Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | Cenozoic 4 | 23.03 | |||||||||
Rupelian | 27.82 | ||||||||||||
Eocene | Priabonian | Cenozoic 3 | 33.9 | ||||||||||
Bartonian | 37.71 | ||||||||||||
Lutetian | Cenozoic 2 | 41.2 | |||||||||||
Ypresian | 47.8 | ||||||||||||
Paleocene | Thanetian | Cenozoic 1 | 56 | ||||||||||
Selandian | 59.2 | ||||||||||||
Danian | 61.6 | ||||||||||||
Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | Lancian/Edmontonian | Cretaceous 8 | 66 | ||||||||
Campanian | Judithian/Aquilan | Cretaceous 7 | 72.1 | ||||||||||
Santonian | Cretaceous 6 | 83.6 | |||||||||||
Coniacian | 86.3 | ||||||||||||
Turonian | 89.8 | ||||||||||||
Cenomanian | Cretaceous 5 | 93.9 | |||||||||||
Early Cretaceous | Albian | Cretaceous 4 | 100.5 | ||||||||||
Aptian | Cretaceous 3 | 113 | |||||||||||
Barremian | Cretaceous 2 | 121.4 | |||||||||||
Hauterivian | 125.77 | ||||||||||||
Valanginian | Cretaceous 1 | 132.6 | |||||||||||
Berriasian | 139.8 | ||||||||||||
Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | Jurassic 6 | 145 | |||||||||
Kimmeridgian | Jurassic 5 | 149.2 | |||||||||||
Oxfordian | 154.8 | ||||||||||||
Middle Jurassic | Callovian | 161.5 | |||||||||||
Bathonian | Jurassic 4 | 165.3 | |||||||||||
Bajocian | 168.2 | ||||||||||||
Aalenian | Jurassic 3 | 170.9 | |||||||||||
Early Jurassic | Toarcian | 174.7 | |||||||||||
Pliensbachian | Jurassic 2 | 184.2 | |||||||||||
Sinemurian | Jurassic 1 | 192.9 | |||||||||||
Hettangian | 199.5 | ||||||||||||
Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | Triassic 4 | 201.4 | |||||||||
Norian | 208.5 | ||||||||||||
Carnian | Triassic 3 | 227 | |||||||||||
Middle Triassic | Ladinian | Triassic 2 | 237 | ||||||||||
Anisian | 242 | ||||||||||||
Early Triassic | Olenekian | Triassic 1 | Vokhmian | 247.2 | |||||||||
Induan | 251.2 | ||||||||||||
Kathwai | 251.5 * | ||||||||||||
Permian | Lopingian | Changhsingian | Permian 4 | 251.902 | |||||||||
252.4 * | |||||||||||||
Chhidru | 252.9 * | ||||||||||||
Wuchiapingian | Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian | 254.14 | |||||||||||
Kalabagh | 255 * | ||||||||||||
Wargal | 256 * | ||||||||||||
Guadalupian | Capitanian | Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian | 259.51 | ||||||||||
Wordian | Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian | 264.28 | |||||||||||
265.3 * | |||||||||||||
Amb | 266.1 * | ||||||||||||
Roadian | Permian 3 | Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian | 266.9 | ||||||||||
270.7 * | |||||||||||||
Cisuralian | Kungurian | Permian 2 | 273.01 | ||||||||||
Artinskian | 283.5 | ||||||||||||
Sakmarian | 290.1 | ||||||||||||
Asselian | Permian 1 | 293.52 | |||||||||||
Carboniferous | Pennsylvanian | Gzhelian | Carboniferous 5 | 298.9 | |||||||||
Kasimovian | 303.7 | ||||||||||||
Moscovian | Carboniferous 4 | 307 | |||||||||||
Bashkirian | 315.2 | ||||||||||||
Mississippian | Serpukhovian | Carboniferous 3 | 323.2 | ||||||||||
Visean | Carboniferous 2 | 330.9 | |||||||||||
Tournaisian | Carboniferous 1 | 346.7 | |||||||||||
Devonian | Late Devonian | Famennian | Late Famennian | Devonian 5 | 358.9 | ||||||||
Middle Famennian | 365.3 * | ||||||||||||
Early Famennian | 368.5 * | ||||||||||||
Frasnian | Late Frasnian | Devonian 4 | 372.2 | ||||||||||
Middle Frasnian | 375.4 * | ||||||||||||
Early Frasnian | 379.3 * | ||||||||||||
Middle Devonian | Givetian | Late Givetian | Devonian 3 | 382.7 | |||||||||
Middle Givetian | 383.7 * | ||||||||||||
Early Givetian | 385.9 * | ||||||||||||
Eifelian | Late Eifelian | 387.7 | |||||||||||
Early Eifelian | 390.3 * | ||||||||||||
Early Devonian | Emsian | Late Emsian | Devonian 2 | 393.3 | |||||||||
Early Emsian | 398.3 * | ||||||||||||
Pragian | Pragian | Devonian 1 | 407.6 | ||||||||||
Lochkovian | Late Lochkovian | 410.8 | |||||||||||
Middle Lochkovian | 412.8 * | ||||||||||||
Early Lochkovian | 415.6 * | ||||||||||||
Silurian | Pridoli | Silurian 2 | Ohesaare | 419.2 | |||||||||
Kaugetuma | 421.7 * | ||||||||||||
Ludlow | Ludfordian | Kuressaare | 423 | ||||||||||
Paadla | 423.4 * | ||||||||||||
Gorstian | 425.6 | ||||||||||||
Wenlock | Homerian | Rootsikula | 427.4 | ||||||||||
Jaagarahu | 429.2 * | ||||||||||||
Sheinwoodian | 430.5 | ||||||||||||
Jaani | 431.8 * | ||||||||||||
Llandovery | Telychian | Silurian 1 | 433.4 | ||||||||||
Adavere | 434 * | ||||||||||||
Aeronian | 438.5 | ||||||||||||
Raikkula | 439.4 * | ||||||||||||
Rhuddanian | 440.8 | ||||||||||||
Juuru | 441.4 * | ||||||||||||
Ordovician | Late Ordovician | Hirnantian | Ordovician 5 | 443.8 | |||||||||
Katian | 445.2 | ||||||||||||
Sandbian | Ordovician 4 | 453 | |||||||||||
Middle Ordovician | Darriwilian | Ordovician 3 | 458.4 | ||||||||||
Dapingian | Ordovician 2 | 467.3 | |||||||||||
Early Ordovician | Floian | 470 | |||||||||||
Tremadocian | Ungurian | Ordovician 1 | 477.7 | ||||||||||
Cambrian | Furongian | Stage 10 | Datsonian | Batyrbaian | Cambrian 5 | 485.4 | |||||||
Payntonian | 486.8 * | ||||||||||||
Jiangshanian | Iverian | 489.5 | |||||||||||
Aksaian | 490.7 * | ||||||||||||
Sakian | 492.2 * | ||||||||||||
Paibian | Idamean | 494 | |||||||||||
Miaolingian | Guzhangian | Mindyallan | Ayusokkanian | Cambrian 4 | 497 | ||||||||
Boomerangian | 499 | ||||||||||||
499.5 | |||||||||||||
Drumian | Undillan | Zhanaarykian | 500.5 | ||||||||||
Floran | Tuesaian | 503 | |||||||||||
Wuliuan | Templetonian | Cambrian 3 | 504.5 | ||||||||||
505.3 | |||||||||||||
Ordian | 507.8 * | ||||||||||||
Series 2 | Stage 4 | 509 | |||||||||||
Toyonian | 510 * | ||||||||||||
510.8 * | |||||||||||||
Botomian | 512.5 * | ||||||||||||
Stage 3 | Cambrian 2 | 514 | |||||||||||
Atdabanian | 515.6 * | ||||||||||||
Terreneuvian | Stage 2 | Tommotian | 521 | ||||||||||
525.5 | |||||||||||||
Fortunian | Cambrian 1 | 529 | |||||||||||
538.8 |