PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					European Faunal Units	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		North American Land Mammal Ages	Cambrian of Britain		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Permian of the Russian Platform		Silurian of the Baltic
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Saintaugustinean								0
				Meghalayan				Santarosean								0.0004
				Northgrippian												0.0042
				Greenlandian												0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
				Late Pleistocene				Rancholabrean								0.014
				Chibanian				Rancholabrean								0.129
				Chibanian				Irvingtonian								0.21
				Calabrian				Irvingtonian								0.774
				Calabrian				Blancan								1.4
				Gelasian												1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Villanyian											2.58
				Piacenzian	Ruscinian											3.1 *
				Zanclean												3.6
				Zanclean				Hemphillian								4.7
			Miocene	Messinian	Turolian											5.333
				Tortonian	Turolian											7.246
					Vallesian											8.7
					Vallesian			Clarendonian								9.4
				Serravallian	Astaracian			Clarendonian								11.63
				Serravallian				Barstovian								12.5
				Langhian												13.82
				Burdigalian	Orleanian											15.98
								Hemingfordian								16.3
								Arikareean								18.5
					Agenian											20
				Aquitanian	Agenian											20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
				Rupelian												27.82
								Whitneyan								29.5
								Orellan								31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian				Chadronian								33.9
				Priabonian				Duchesnean								37
				Bartonian				Duchesnean								37.71
				Bartonian				Uintan								39.7
				Lutetian				Uintan								41.2
				Lutetian				Bridgerian								46.2
				Ypresian				Bridgerian								47.8
								Wasatchian								50.5
								Clarkforkian								54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian				Clarkforkian								56
				Thanetian				Tiffanian								56.2
				Selandian				Tiffanian								59.2
				Selandian				Torrejonian								60.9
				Danian				Torrejonian								61.6
				Danian				Puercan								63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Oteke	Puaroan									145
				Kimmeridgian		Oteke	Puaroan									149.2
						Kawhia	Ohauan									150
							Heterian									154.5
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
Temaikan				Callovian			164.3
				Bathonian			165.3
				Bajocian			168.2
				Aalenian			170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
Herangi				Toarcian		Ururoan	176
				Pliensbachian		Ururoan	184.2
				Pliensbachian		Aratauran	188.9
				Sinemurian			192.9
				Hettangian			199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour		Otapirian	201.4
			Norian			Warepan	208.5
						Otamitan	217
						Oretian	221
			Carnian			Oretian	227
			Carnian	Gore		Kaihikuan	227.5
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Kaihikuan	237
			Ladinian			Etalian	238
			Anisian			Etalian	242
			Anisian			Malakovian	246
		Early Triassic	Olenekian			Malakovian	247.2
			Olenekian			Nelsonian	249
			Induan			Nelsonian	251.2
			Induan	DUrville		Makarewan	251.5
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Makarewan	251.902
			Changhsingian			Waiitian	253.2
			Wuchiapingian			Waiitian	254.14
					Puruhauan	254.2
					Puruhauan	Tatarian	Vyatkian		256.8 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian		Severodvinian		259.51
			Wordian		Flettian		Urzhumian		264.28
			Wordian		Barettian		Urzhumian		266
			Roadian			Kazanian	Povolzhian		266.9
			Roadian			Kazanian	Sokian		270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian		273.01
					Mangapirian		Irenian/Ufimian		276
							Filipovian		276.5 *
							Saraninian		280.1 *
			Artinskian			Artinskian	Sarginian		283.5
					Telfordian		Sarginian		285
							Irginian		285.9 *
							Burtsevian		287.8 *
							Burtsevian		288.5
			Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian		290.1
			Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Tastubian		291.7 *
			Asselian			Asselian	Shikhanian		293.52
							Uskalykian	294.8
							Surenian	297.5
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
			Kasimovian					303.7
			Moscovian					307
			Bashkirian					315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
			Visean					330.9
			Tournaisian					346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					Emsian	393.3
			Pragian					Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian					Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli						Ohesaare		419.2
		Pridoli						Kaugetuma		421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					Kuressaare		423
			Ludfordian					Paadla		423.4 *
			Gorstian					Paadla		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula		427.4
			Homerian					Jaagarahu		429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian					Jaagarahu		430.5
			Sheinwoodian					Jaani		431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian					Jaani		433.4
			Telychian					Adavere		434 *
			Aeronian					Adavere		438.5
			Aeronian					Raikkula		439.4 *
			Rhuddanian					Raikkula		440.8
			Rhuddanian					Juuru		441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
			Katian							445.2
			Sandbian							453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian							470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
			Stage 10								Festiniogian	489.2 *
			Jiangshanian								Festiniogian	489.5
			Jiangshanian								Maentwrogian	493.1 *
Paibian			494								Maentwrogian
Miaolingian		Guzhangian	St Davids								497
		Guzhangian									Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian										500.5
		Wuliuan										504.5
Series 2		Stage 4	Caerfai								Branchian	509
		Stage 3									Branchian	514
		Stage 3									Placentian	517.1
Terreneuvian		Stage 2										521
Terreneuvian		Fortunian										529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																635