PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			European Faunal Units	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cambrian Epochs	Permian of the Pamirs	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ordovician of the Baltic
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								Wanganui	Haweran				0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
		Chibanian													0.129
		Chibanian									Castlecliffian				0.34
		Calabrian									Castlecliffian				0.774
		Calabrian									Nukumaruan				1.63
		Gelasian									Nukumaruan				1.8
		Gelasian									Mangapanian				2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Villanyian								Mangapanian				2.58
			Villanyian								Waipipian				3
			Ruscinian												3.1 *
		Zanclean													3.6
		Zanclean									Opoitian				3.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Turolian							Taranaki	Kapitean				5.333
		Messinian									Tongaporutuan				7.2
		Tortonian													7.246
			Vallesian												8.7
			Vallesian							Southland	Waiauan				11.04
		Serravallian	Astaracian								Waiauan				11.63
		Serravallian									Lillburnian				13.05
		Langhian									Lillburnian				13.82
											Clifdenian				15.1
										Pareora	Altonian				15.9
		Burdigalian	Orleanian								Altonian				15.98
			Orleanian								Otaian				18.7
			Agenian												20
		Aquitanian													20.44
		Aquitanian								Landon	Waitakian				21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									Waitakian				23.03
											Duntroonian				25.2
											Whaingaroan				27.3
		Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
										Arnold	Runangan				34.6
											Kaiatan				36.7
		Bartonian									Kaiatan				37.71
		Bartonian									Bortonian				39.1
		Lutetian									Bortonian				41.2
										Dannevirke	Porangan				42.6
											Heretaungan				45.7
		Ypresian									Heretaungan				47.8
											Mangaorapan				48.9
											Waipawan				52
	Paleocene	Thanetian									Teurian				56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Mata	Haumurian				66
		Campanian									Haumurian				72.1
		Santonian									Piripauan				83.6
		Santonian								Raukumara	Teratan				86.1
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
											Mangaotanean				90.5
											Arowhanan				93.7
		Cenomanian									Arowhanan				93.9
										Clarence	Ngaterian				95.2
											Motuan				99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									Motuan				100.5
											Urutawan				103.3
										Taitai	Korangan				108.4
		Aptian									Korangan				113
		Aptian													117.5
		Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Oteke	Puaroan		145
		Kimmeridgian		Oteke	Puaroan		149.2
				Kawhia	Ohauan		150
					Heterian		154.5
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Callovian			Temaikan		164.3
		Bathonian					165.3
		Bajocian					168.2
		Aalenian					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					174.7
		Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan		176
		Pliensbachian			Ururoan		184.2
		Pliensbachian			Aratauran		188.9
		Sinemurian					192.9
		Hettangian					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour	Otapirian		201.4
		Norian			Warepan		208.5
					Otamitan		217
					Oretian		221
		Carnian			Oretian		227
		Carnian		Gore	Kaihikuan		227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Kaihikuan		237
		Ladinian			Etalian		238
		Anisian			Etalian		242
		Anisian			Malakovian		246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2		Malakovian
		Olenekian	Nelsonian		249
		Induan	Nelsonian		251.2
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	Dorashamian		251.902
		Changhsingian		Waiitian	Dorashamian		253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian	Dzhulfian		254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan	Dzhulfian		254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian	Midian		259.51
		Wordian		Flettian			264.28
				Barettian			266
					Murgabian		266.2 *
		Roadian			Murgabian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kubergandian		273.01
				Mangapirian	Kubergandian		276
					Bolorian		279.8
		Artinskian					283.5
				Telfordian			285
				Telfordian	Yakhtashian		286
					Yakhtashian		288.5
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian			Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Late Pennsylvanian			298.9
		Kasimovian			Late Pennsylvanian			303.7
		Moscovian			Middle Pennsylvanian			307
		Bashkirian			Early Pennsylvanian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Late Mississippian			323.2
		Visean			Middle Mississippian			330.9
		Tournaisian			Early Mississippian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli							Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare		423
		Ludfordian				Paadla		423.4 *
		Gorstian				Paadla		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula		427.4
		Homerian				Jaagarahu		429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu		430.5
		Sheinwoodian				Jaani		431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian				Jaani		433.4
		Telychian				Adavere		434 *
		Aeronian				Adavere		438.5
		Aeronian				Raikkula		439.4 *
		Rhuddanian				Raikkula		440.8
		Rhuddanian				Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Harju		Porkuni		443.8
		Katian						Pirgu		445.2
								Vormsi		449.6 *
								Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
						Viru		Rakvere			450.6 *
								Oandu			452 *
		Sandbian						Keila		Idavere †	453
								Haljala			453.9
								Kukruse			456.4 *
								Uhaku		Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Uhaku			458.4
								Lasnamagi			458.9 *
								Aseri			460.4 *
						Oeland		Kunda			462.9 *
								Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
								Volkhov			Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian						Volkhov				467.3
		Dapingian						Billingen				469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian										470
										Latorp †		470.1 *
								Hunneberg				473.7 *
		Tremadocian						Hunneberg				477.7
								Varangu				481.3 *
								Pakerort				482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Pakerort		Late Cambrian			485.4
													486.3 *
													486.5
		Jiangshanian											489.5
		Paibian											494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Middle Cambrian			497
		Guzhangian											Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian												500.5
		Wuliuan	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Branchian	Early Cambrian						509
		Stage 3	Branchian							514
		Stage 3	Placentian				517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian					529
															538.8