PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			European Faunal Units	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian of the Salt Range	Central Paratethys Stages
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene			0.0117
		Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene			0.129
		Calabrian			Early Pleistocene			0.774
		Gelasian			Early Pleistocene			1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Villanyian		Late Pliocene			2.58
		Piacenzian	Ruscinian		Late Pliocene			3.1 *
		Zanclean	Ruscinian		Early Pliocene			3.6
	Miocene	Messinian	Turolian		Late Miocene			5.333
		Tortonian	Turolian				Pannonian	7.246
		Tortonian	Vallesian				Pannonian	8.7
		Serravallian	Astaracian		Middle Miocene		Sarmatian	11.63
		Serravallian					Badenian	12.8 *
		Langhian						13.82
		Burdigalian	Orleanian		Early Miocene			15.98
		Burdigalian	Agenian					20
		Aquitanian	Agenian					20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Late Oligocene			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian			Early Oligocene			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian			Late Eocene			33.9
		Bartonian			Middle Eocene			37.71
		Lutetian			Middle Eocene			41.2
		Ypresian			Early Eocene			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Late Paleocene			56
		Selandian			Middle Paleocene			59.2
		Danian			Early Paleocene			61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						66
		Campanian						72.1
		Santonian						83.6
		Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian						89.8
		Cenomanian						93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						100.5
		Aptian						113
		Barremian						121.4
		Hauterivian						125.77
		Valanginian						132.6
		Berriasian						139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						145
		Kimmeridgian						149.2
		Oxfordian						154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian						165.3
		Bajocian						168.2
		Aalenian						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						174.7
		Pliensbachian						184.2
		Sinemurian						192.9
		Hettangian						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
		Norian						208.5
		Carnian						227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian						242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						247.2
		Induan						251.2
		Induan				Kathwai		251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Kathwai		251.902
								252.4 *
						Chhidru		252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian				Chhidru		254.14
						Kalabagh		255 *
						Wargal		256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
		Wordian						264.28
						265.3 *
				Amb		266.1 *
		Roadian		Amb		266.9
		Roadian				270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian	Siegen			407.6
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Batyrbaian	485.4
		Jiangshanian			Batyrbaian	489.5
					Aksaian	490.7 *
					Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian			Sakian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Ayusokkanian	497
		Guzhangian				499.5
		Drumian			Zhanaarykian	500.5
		Drumian			Tuesaian	503
		Wuliuan			Tuesaian	504.5
		Wuliuan				505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4				509
					Toyonian	510 *
					Botomian	512.5 *
		Stage 3			Botomian	514
		Stage 3			Atdabanian	515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Tommotian	521
								525.5