PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					European Faunal Units	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Permian of North America		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											0
				Northgrippian											0.0042
				Greenlandian											0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
				Chibanian											0.129
				Calabrian											0.774
				Gelasian											1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Villanyian										2.58
				Piacenzian	Ruscinian										3.1 *
				Zanclean	Ruscinian										3.6
			Miocene	Messinian	Turolian										5.333
				Tortonian	Turolian										7.246
				Tortonian	Vallesian										8.7
				Serravallian	Astaracian										11.63
				Langhian	Astaracian										13.82
				Burdigalian	Orleanian										15.98
				Burdigalian	Agenian										20
				Aquitanian	Agenian										20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
				Bartonian											37.71
				Lutetian											41.2
				Ypresian											47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian											56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian			Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites								168.2
				Bajocian				Humphresianum							168.4
				Aalenian			Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum								170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense							174.7
							Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons								180.1
							Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum								182
				Pliensbachian			Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni								184.2
				Sinemurian			Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi								192.9
				Hettangian			Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis								199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian											208.5
				Carnian											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian											254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian						Capitanian					259.51
				Wordian						Wordian					264.28
Roadian				Roadian		266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian	Leonardian		Cathedralian			273.01
			Kungurian			Hessian			281.9 *
			Artinskian			Hessian			283.5
			Artinskian	Wolfcampian		Lenoxian			286.1 *
			Sakmarian			Lenoxian			290.1
			Asselian			Nealian			293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Mapingian †						298.9
			Kasimovian	Mapingian †						303.7
			Kasimovian							305.9
			Moscovian							307
			Bashkirian							315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian							323.2
			Visean							330.9
			Tournaisian							346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Kosovian					443.8
			Katian		Kralodvorian					Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian		Berounian						449.7 *
			Sandbian								453
											Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
										Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
					Dobrotivian								458.5 *
					Oretanian								459.7 *
										Sarka †			461.7 *
			Dapingian							Klabava †			467.3
			Dapingian		Arenigian								468
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Arenigian								470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		Ungurian					Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10		Batyrbaian									485.4
			Jiangshanian		Batyrbaian									489.5
					Aksaian									490.7 *
					Sakian									492.2 *
			Paibian		Sakian			494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Ayusokkanian			497
			Guzhangian					499.5
			Drumian		Zhanaarykian			500.5
			Drumian		Tuesaian			503
			Wuliuan		Tuesaian		504.5
			Wuliuan				505.3
		Series 2	Stage 4				509
					Toyonian		510 *
					Botomian		512.5 *
			Stage 3		Botomian		514
			Stage 3		Atdabanian		515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian		521
		Stage 2			525.5
		Fortunian			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						538.8
		Cryogenian						635
		Tonian						720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian						1000
		Ectasian						1200
		Calymmian						1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian						1600
		Orosirian						1800
		Rhyacian				2050
		Siderian				2300
Archean	Neoarchean			2500
	Mesoarchean			2800
	Paleoarchean			3200
	Eoarchean			3600
Hadean				4000
															4600