PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			European Faunal Units	Ordovician of China			Permian of the Pamirs	Carboniferous Subepochs	Devonian of Germany	Silurian of the Baltic	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Devonian of Czechoslovakia	European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Gelasian												MN 17	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Villanyian											MN 16	2.58
			Ruscinian											MN 16	3.1 *
														MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean												MN 15	3.6
														MN 14	4.2
														MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian	Turolian											MN 13	5.333
		Tortonian												MN 12	7.246
														MN 11	7.75
			Vallesian											MN 10	8.7
														MN 9	9.7
														MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian	Astaracian											MN 7 + 8	11.63
		Serravallian												MN 6	12.8 *
		Langhian												MN 5	13.82
		Burdigalian	Orleanian											MN 4	15.98
			Orleanian											MN 3	16.9
			Agenian											MN 2	20
		Aquitanian												MN 2	20.44
		Aquitanian												MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
		Bartonian													37.71
		Lutetian													41.2
		Ypresian													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian													56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									Oteke	Puaroan			145
		Kimmeridgian									Oteke	Puaroan			149.2
											Kawhia	Ohauan			150
												Heterian			154.5
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Callovian										Temaikan			164.3
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Toarcian									Herangi	Ururoan			176
		Pliensbachian										Ururoan			184.2
		Pliensbachian										Aratauran			188.9
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									Balfour	Otapirian			201.4
		Norian										Warepan			208.5
												Otamitan			217
												Oretian			221
		Carnian										Oretian			227
		Carnian									Gore	Kaihikuan			227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237								Kaihikuan
		Ladinian		Etalian	238
		Anisian		Etalian	242
		Anisian		Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian	247.2
		Olenekian		Nelsonian	249
		Induan		Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Makarewan	Dorashamian	251.902
		Changhsingian			Waiitian	Dorashamian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian	Dzhulfian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan	Dzhulfian	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Midian	Aparima	Flettian	259.51
		Wordian				Flettian	264.28
						Barettian	266
				Murgabian			266.2 *
		Roadian		Murgabian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Kubergandian			273.01
				Kubergandian		Mangapirian	276
				Bolorian			279.8
		Artinskian					283.5
			Telfordian			285
			Telfordian	Yakhtashian		286
				Yakhtashian		288.5
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian				Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian				Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean				Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian				Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Givetian	Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Eifelian	Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					Emsian	Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian					Siegen	Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian					Gedinnine	Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							Ohesaare		419.2
	Pridoli							Kaugetuma		421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						Kuressaare		423
		Ludfordian						Paadla		423.4 *
		Gorstian						Paadla		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						Rootsikula		427.4
		Homerian						Jaagarahu		429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian						Jaagarahu		430.5
		Sheinwoodian						Jaani		431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian						Jaani		433.4
		Telychian						Adavere		434 *
		Aeronian						Adavere		438.5
		Aeronian						Raikkula		439.4 *
		Rhuddanian						Raikkula		440.8
		Rhuddanian						Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Hirnantian		Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †		443.8
		Katian						Chientangkiangian			Wufeng †		445.2
		Katian						Neichianshanian/Hanjiang					449.5
		Sandbian						Neichianshanian/Hanjiang					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Darriwilian		Guniu †/Hulo			458.4
		Darriwilian						Darriwilian		Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo		466.3 *
		Dapingian						Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Yiyangian					470
		Tremadocian						Xinchangian					477.7
		Tremadocian						Xinchangian			Lianghekou †		477.9 *
															485.4