PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					European Faunal Units	Ordovician of the Baltic				European Faunal Zones	Precambrian of Russia			Permian of the Pamirs	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											Wanganui	Haweran	0
				Northgrippian													0.0042
				Greenlandian													0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
				Chibanian													0.129
				Chibanian												Castlecliffian	0.34
				Calabrian												Castlecliffian	0.774
				Calabrian												Nukumaruan	1.63
				Gelasian						MN 17						Nukumaruan	1.8
				Gelasian						MN 17						Mangapanian	2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Villanyian					MN 16						Mangapanian	2.58
					Villanyian											Waipipian	3
					Ruscinian												3.1 *
										MN 15							3.2
				Zanclean													3.6
																Opoitian	3.7
										MN 14							4.2
										MN 13							4.9
			Miocene	Messinian	Turolian										Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
				Messinian												Tongaporutuan	7.2
				Tortonian						MN 12							7.246
										MN 11							7.75
					Vallesian					MN 10							8.7
										MN 9							9.7
										MN 9					Southland	Waiauan	11.04
										MN 7 + 8							11.1
				Serravallian	Astaracian					MN 7 + 8							11.63
										MN 6							12.8 *
										MN 6						Lillburnian	13.05
				Langhian						MN 5						Lillburnian	13.82
																Clifdenian	15.1
															Pareora	Altonian	15.9
				Burdigalian	Orleanian					MN 4							15.98
										MN 3							16.9
										MN 3						Otaian	18.7
					Agenian					MN 2							20
				Aquitanian													20.44
															Landon	Waitakian	21.7
										MN 1							22.4
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
																Duntroonian	25.2
																Whaingaroan	27.3
				Rupelian													27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
															Arnold	Runangan	34.6
																Kaiatan	36.7
				Bartonian												Kaiatan	37.71
				Bartonian												Bortonian	39.1
				Lutetian												Bortonian	41.2
															Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
																Heretaungan	45.7
				Ypresian												Heretaungan	47.8
																Mangaorapan	48.9
																Waipawan	52
			Paleocene	Thanetian												Teurian	56
				Selandian													59.2
				Danian													61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											Mata	Haumurian	66
				Campanian												Haumurian	72.1
				Santonian												Piripauan	83.6
				Santonian											Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
																Mangaotanean	90.5
Arowhanan						93.7
Arowhanan				Cenomanian		93.9
Clarence						Ngaterian	95.2
						Motuan	99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan	100.5
						Urutawan	103.3
Taitai						Korangan	108.4
				Aptian		Korangan	113
				Aptian			117.5
				Barremian			121.4
				Hauterivian			125.77
				Valanginian			132.6
				Berriasian			139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
			Kimmeridgian				149.2
			Oxfordian				154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
			Bathonian				165.3
			Bajocian				168.2
			Aalenian				170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
			Pliensbachian				184.2
			Sinemurian				192.9
			Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
			Norian				208.5
			Carnian				227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Dorashamian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Dzhulfian	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian				Midian	259.51
			Wordian				Midian	264.28
			Wordian				Murgabian	266.2 *
			Roadian				Murgabian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian				Kubergandian	273.01
			Kungurian				Bolorian	279.8
			Artinskian		283.5		Bolorian
			Artinskian		Yakhtashian		286
			Sakmarian		Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian		Asselian		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
			Kasimovian				303.7
			Moscovian				307
			Bashkirian				315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
			Visean				330.9
			Tournaisian				346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Srbsko	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Chotec	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
			Pragian				Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian				Lochkovian	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli					Cayugan		419.2
		Pridoli					Niagaran		422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						Lockportian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						Ontarian	433.4
			Aeronian							438.5
										Alexandrian	438.7 *
							Medinan		Clinton		440.1 *
											440.7 *
			Rhuddanian								440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Harju			Porkuni		443.8
			Katian							Pirgu		445.2
										Vormsi		449.6 *
						Nabala				Johvi †		450 *
						Viru	Rakvere					450.6 *
							Oandu					452 *
			Sandbian				Keila			Idavere †		453
							Haljala					453.9
				Kukruse			456.4 *
				Uhaku			Aluoja †			457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Uhaku						458.4
				Lasnamagi						458.9 *
				Aseri						460.4 *
				Oeland		Kunda				462.9 *
						Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
						Volkhov				Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka		467.1 *
			Dapingian			Volkhov						467.3
			Dapingian			Billingen						469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian									470
							Latorp †					470.1 *
						Hunneberg						473.7 *
			Tremadocian			Hunneberg						477.7
						Varangu						481.3 *
						Pakerort						482.2 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Pakerort						485.4
												486.3 *
				486.5
			Jiangshanian	489.5
			Paibian	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	497
			Drumian	500.5
			Wuliuan	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	509
		Series 2	Stage 3	514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
	Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian	538.8
			Cryogenian											635
			Tonian		720
			Tonian		Karatau								800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian		Karatau								1000
			Stenian		Yurmatian								1100
			Ectasian		Yurmatian								1200
			Ectasian		Burzyan								1375
																	1400