PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			European Faunal Units	Silurian Ages of Europe	Ordovician of North America						Permian of the Salt Range	Carboniferous Subepochs	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Villanyian													2.58
		Piacenzian	Ruscinian													3.1 *
		Zanclean	Ruscinian													3.6
	Miocene	Messinian	Turolian													5.333
		Tortonian	Turolian													7.246
		Tortonian	Vallesian													8.7
		Serravallian	Astaracian													11.63
		Langhian	Astaracian													13.82
		Burdigalian	Orleanian													15.98
		Burdigalian	Agenian													20
		Aquitanian	Agenian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
		Bartonian														37.71
		Lutetian														41.2
		Ypresian														47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian														56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
		Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Pliensbachian														184.2
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian														208.5
		Carnian														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
		Induan														251.2
		Induan									Kathwai					251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									Kathwai					251.902
																252.4 *
											Chhidru					252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian									Chhidru					254.14
											Kalabagh					255 *
											Wargal					256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian														259.51
		Wordian														264.28
																265.3 *
											Amb					266.1 *
		Roadian									Amb					266.9
		Roadian														270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian														273.01
		Artinskian		283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian		Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian		Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean		Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian		Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	Gleedonian		427.4
		Homerian	Whitwellian		429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian				Gamachian	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
						Richmondian	Kralodvorian		446 *
						Richmondian	Berounian		449.7 *
						Maysvillian			Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
						Edenian				450.4 *
					Mohawkian	Chatfieldian				451.1 *
		Sandbian				Chatfieldian				453
						Turinian				453.7 *
						Turinian				Zahorany †/Vinice		Letna †	456.2 *
					Whiterockian				Canadian †	Zahorany †/Vinice			Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
								Liben †						458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian												458.4
							Dobrotivian							458.5 *
							Oretanian							459.7 *
								Sarka †						461.7 *
		Dapingian						Klabava †						467.3
							Arenigian							468
						Rangerian								469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Ibexian	Blackhillsian							Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian				Tulean									473.9 *
		Tremadocian				Tulean	Tremadocian								477.7
						Stairsian									480.3 *
						Skullrockian								Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Skullrockian									485.4
																487.5