PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					European Faunal Units	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Mammal Paleogene Zones		Precambrian of Russia	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cretaceous Subepochs
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Wanganui	Haweran		0
				Northgrippian									0.0042
				Greenlandian									0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
				Chibanian									0.129
				Chibanian							Castlecliffian		0.34
				Calabrian							Castlecliffian		0.774
				Calabrian							Nukumaruan		1.63
				Gelasian							Nukumaruan		1.8
				Gelasian							Mangapanian		2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Villanyian						Mangapanian		2.58
					Villanyian						Waipipian		3
					Ruscinian								3.1 *
				Zanclean									3.6
				Zanclean							Opoitian		3.7
			Miocene	Messinian	Turolian					Taranaki	Kapitean		5.333
				Messinian							Tongaporutuan		7.2
				Tortonian									7.246
					Vallesian								8.7
					Vallesian					Southland	Waiauan		11.04
				Serravallian	Astaracian						Waiauan		11.63
				Serravallian							Lillburnian		13.05
				Langhian							Lillburnian		13.82
											Clifdenian		15.1
										Pareora	Altonian		15.9
				Burdigalian	Orleanian						Altonian		15.98
					Orleanian						Otaian		18.7
					Agenian								20
				Aquitanian									20.44
				Aquitanian						Landon	Waitakian		21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25			Waitakian		23.03
											Duntroonian		25.2
											Whaingaroan		27.3
				Rupelian			MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21						27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian			MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A						33.9
										Arnold	Runangan		34.6
											Kaiatan		36.7
				Bartonian			MP 16				Kaiatan		37.71
				Bartonian			MP 16				Bortonian		39.1
				Lutetian			MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11				Bortonian		41.2
										Dannevirke	Porangan		42.6
											Heretaungan		45.7
				Ypresian			MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7				Heretaungan		47.8
											Mangaorapan		48.9
											Waipawan		52
			Paleocene	Thanetian			MP 6	MP 1 - 5			Teurian		56
				Selandian									59.2
				Danian									61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Mata	Haumurian	Senonian	66
				Campanian							Haumurian		72.1
				Santonian							Piripauan		83.6
				Santonian						Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
											Mangaotanean		90.5
											Arowhanan		93.7
				Cenomanian							Arowhanan		93.9
										Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
											Motuan		99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian							Motuan	Gallic	100.5
											Urutawan		103.3
										Taitai	Korangan		108.4
				Aptian							Korangan		113
				Aptian									117.5
Barremian				121.4
Hauterivian				Neocomian		125.77
Valanginian						132.6
Berriasian						139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian						145
			Kimmeridgian						149.2
			Oxfordian						154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
			Bathonian						165.3
			Bajocian						168.2
			Aalenian						170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian						174.7
			Pliensbachian						184.2
			Sinemurian						192.9
			Hettangian						199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
			Norian						208.5
			Carnian						227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian						237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian						242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian						247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan						251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
			Wordian						264.28
			Roadian						266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
			Artinskian						283.5
			Sakmarian						290.1
			Asselian		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
			Kasimovian		303.7
			Moscovian		307
			Bashkirian		315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
			Visean		330.9
			Tournaisian		346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Srbsko				382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Chotec				387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Daleje/Zlichovian				393.3
			Pragian		Pragian				407.6
			Lochkovian		Lochkovian				410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
			Katian				445.2
			Sandbian				453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10					Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian					Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian					Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian					Steptoean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Marjumian	Albertian †	497
			Drumian				Marjumian		500.5
			Wuliuan				Topazan		504.5
			Wuliuan	Delamaran		506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	Delamaran		Waucoban †	509
			Stage 4	Dyeran			511 *
			Stage 3	Dyeran			514
				Montezuman			514.8 *
				Begadean			519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran				Vendian			538.8
		Cryogenian							635
		Tonian							720
		Tonian				Karatau			800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian				Karatau			1000
		Stenian				Yurmatian			1100
		Ectasian				Yurmatian			1200
		Ectasian				Burzyan			1375
													1400