PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					European Faunal Units	Devonian of France	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of Siberia			Precambrian of Russia	Silurian Ages of Europe
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene						0.0117
				Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene						0.129
				Calabrian			Early Pleistocene						0.774
				Gelasian			Early Pleistocene						1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Villanyian		Late Pliocene						2.58
				Piacenzian	Ruscinian		Late Pliocene						3.1 *
				Zanclean	Ruscinian		Early Pliocene						3.6
			Miocene	Messinian	Turolian		Late Miocene						5.333
				Tortonian	Turolian								7.246
				Tortonian	Vallesian								8.7
				Serravallian	Astaracian		Middle Miocene						11.63
				Langhian	Astaracian		Middle Miocene						13.82
				Burdigalian	Orleanian		Early Miocene						15.98
				Burdigalian	Agenian								20
				Aquitanian	Agenian								20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Late Oligocene						23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian			Early Oligocene						27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian			Late Eocene						33.9
				Bartonian			Middle Eocene						37.71
				Lutetian			Middle Eocene						41.2
				Ypresian			Early Eocene						47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Late Paleocene						56
				Selandian			Middle Paleocene						59.2
				Danian			Early Paleocene						61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
				Campanian									72.1
				Santonian									83.6
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
				Cenomanian									93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
				Aptian									113
				Barremian									121.4
				Hauterivian									125.77
				Valanginian									132.6
				Berriasian									139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
				Kimmeridgian									149.2
				Oxfordian									154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
				Bathonian									165.3
				Bajocian									168.2
				Aalenian									170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
				Pliensbachian									184.2
				Sinemurian									192.9
				Hettangian									199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
				Norian									208.5
				Carnian									227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan									251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian									254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian									259.51
				Wordian									264.28
				Roadian									266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian									273.01
				Artinskian									283.5
				Sakmarian									290.1
				Asselian									293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									298.9
Kasimovian				303.7
Moscovian				307
Bashkirian				315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Frasnian		Adorf		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian		Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Couvinien		Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Emsian		393.3
			Pragian			Siegen		407.6
			Pragian	Coblencien		Siegen		408.2 *
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine		Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian		Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		Gleedonian			427.4
			Homerian		Whitwellian			429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
			Katian				445.2
			Sandbian				453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian				470
			Tremadocian				477.7
			Tremadocian				Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10				Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
			Jiangshanian				Batyrbaian			489.5
							Aksaian			490.7 *
							Sakian			492.2 *
			Paibian							494
			Paibian						Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Ayusokkanian			497
			Guzhangian				Mayan/Menevian			499.5
			Drumian				Mayan/Menevian			500.5
			Wuliuan				Amgan/Solvan			504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4				Amgan/Solvan			509
							Toyonian	Lenian †		510 *
							Botomian			512.5 *
			Stage 3				Botomian			514
			Stage 3				Atdabanian			515.6 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Tommotian			521
			Stage 2				Nemakit-Daldynian			525.5
			Fortunian				Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian									Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau	1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian									Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian									Burzyan	1375
													1400