PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					European Faunal Units	Permian of the Pamirs	European Faunal Zones	Permian Subages of Germany	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Nihewanian		0.0117
				Chibanian											0.129
				Calabrian											0.774
				Gelasian			MN 17								1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Villanyian		MN 16						Yushean	Tertiary †	2.58
					Ruscinian		MN 16								3.1 *
							MN 15								3.2
				Zanclean			MN 15								3.6
							MN 14								4.2
							MN 13						Baodean		4.9
			Miocene	Messinian	Turolian		MN 13								5.333
				Tortonian			MN 12								7.246
							MN 11								7.75
					Vallesian		MN 10								8.7
							MN 9								9.7
							MN 7 + 8						Tunggurian		11.1
				Serravallian	Astaracian		MN 7 + 8								11.63
				Serravallian			MN 6								12.8 *
				Langhian			MN 5						Shanwangian		13.82
				Burdigalian	Orleanian		MN 4						Shanwangian		15.98
					Orleanian		MN 3						Xiejiaan		16.9
					Agenian		MN 2								20
				Aquitanian			MN 2								20.44
				Aquitanian			MN 1								22.4
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
				Bartonian											37.71
				Lutetian											41.2
				Ypresian											47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian											56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Oteke	Puaroan					145
				Kimmeridgian					Oteke	Puaroan					149.2
									Kawhia	Ohauan					150
										Heterian					154.5
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Callovian						Temaikan					164.3
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Toarcian					Herangi	Ururoan					176
				Pliensbachian						Ururoan					184.2
				Pliensbachian						Aratauran					188.9
				Sinemurian											192.9
				Hettangian											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					Balfour	Otapirian					201.4
				Norian						Warepan					208.5
										Otamitan					217
Oretian						221
Oretian				Carnian		227
Gore				Carnian		Kaihikuan		227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan		237
				Ladinian		Etalian		238
				Anisian		Etalian		242
				Anisian		Malakovian		246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian		247.2
				Olenekian		Nelsonian		249
				Induan		Nelsonian		251.2
DUrville				Induan		Makarewan		251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan		Dorashamian	Buntsandstein	251.902
				Changhsingian		Waiitian		Dorashamian		253.2
				Wuchiapingian		Waiitian		Dzhulfian		Longtanian †	254.14
				Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan		Dzhulfian		Longtanian †	254.2
Guadalupian			Capitanian	Midian		Ohre/Aller		Aparima	Flettian		259.51
			Wordian			Leine			Flettian		264.28
									Barettian		266
				Murgabian							266.2 *
			Roadian	Murgabian							266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian	Kubergandian							273.01
				Kubergandian					Mangapirian		276
				Bolorian							279.8
			Artinskian								283.5
					Telfordian		285
				Yakhtashian	Telfordian		286
				Yakhtashian				288.5
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian	Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
			Kasimovian					303.7
			Moscovian					307
			Bashkirian					315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
			Visean					330.9
			Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian		Pridoli						Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli						Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian					Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian					Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian					Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian					Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian					Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian					Jaani	433.4
			Telychian					Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian					Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian					Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian					Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian					Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
			Katian						445.2
			Sandbian						453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian						470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10						485.4
			Jiangshanian						489.5
			Paibian						494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †		497
			Drumian								500.5
			Wuliuan							Stage 5 †	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4								509
		Series 2	Stage 3								514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
															635