PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					European Faunal Units	Permian of the Russian Platform		Devonian Subages	Precambrian of Russia	Carboniferous of North America	Devonian of Germany
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Villanyian							2.58
				Piacenzian	Ruscinian							3.1 *
				Zanclean	Ruscinian							3.6
			Miocene	Messinian	Turolian							5.333
				Tortonian	Turolian							7.246
				Tortonian	Vallesian							8.7
				Serravallian	Astaracian							11.63
				Langhian	Astaracian							13.82
				Burdigalian	Orleanian							15.98
				Burdigalian	Agenian							20
				Aquitanian	Agenian							20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian								27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian								33.9
				Bartonian								37.71
				Lutetian								41.2
				Ypresian								47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian								56
				Selandian								59.2
				Danian								61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								66
				Campanian								72.1
				Santonian								83.6
				Coniacian								86.3
				Turonian								89.8
				Cenomanian								93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian								100.5
				Aptian								113
				Barremian								121.4
				Hauterivian								125.77
				Valanginian								132.6
				Berriasian								139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								145
				Kimmeridgian								149.2
				Oxfordian								154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
				Bathonian								165.3
				Bajocian								168.2
				Aalenian								170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian								174.7
				Pliensbachian								184.2
				Sinemurian								192.9
				Hettangian								199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								201.4
				Norian								208.5
				Carnian								227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian								237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian								242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian								247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan								251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								251.902
				Wuchiapingian								254.14
				Wuchiapingian		Tatarian	Vyatkian					256.8 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian			Severodvinian					259.51
				Wordian			Urzhumian					264.28
				Roadian		Kazanian	Povolzhian					266.9
				Roadian		Kazanian	Sokian					270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian		Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian					273.01
							Filipovian					276.5 *
							Saraninian					280.1 *
				Artinskian		Artinskian	Sarginian					283.5
							Irginian					285.9 *
							Burtsevian					287.8 *
				Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian					290.1
Tastubian				Sakmarian		Sakmarian	291.7 *
Asselian				Asselian		Shikhanian	Bursumian †	293.52
						Uskalykian		294.8
						Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Virgilian	298.9
			Kasimovian				Missourian	303.7
			Kasimovian				Desmoinesian	305.9 *
			Moscovian				Desmoinesian	307
			Moscovian				Atokan	312.7 *
			Bashkirian				Atokan	315.2
			Bashkirian				Morrowan	318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Chesterian		323.2
			Visean		Chesterian		330.9
					Meramecian		335.8 *
					Osagean		343.1 *
			Tournaisian		Osagean		346.7
			Tournaisian		Kinderhookian		351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		Late Famennian			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
					Middle Famennian				365.3 *
					Early Famennian				368.5 *
			Frasnian		Late Frasnian			Adorf	372.2
					Middle Frasnian				375.4 *
					Early Frasnian				379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Late Givetian			Givetian	382.7
					Middle Givetian				383.7 *
					Early Givetian				385.9 *
			Eifelian		Late Eifelian			Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian		Early Eifelian			Eifelian	390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Late Emsian			Emsian	393.3
			Emsian		Early Emsian			Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian		Pragian			Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian		Late Lochkovian			Gedinnine	410.8
					Middle Lochkovian				412.8 *
					Early Lochkovian				415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
			Katian						445.2
			Sandbian						453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian						470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10						485.4
	Jiangshanian		489.5
	Paibian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	497
		Drumian	500.5
		Wuliuan	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	509
	Series 2	Stage 3	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian									635
		Tonian									720
		Tonian								Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian								Karatau	1000
		Stenian								Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian								Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian								Burzyan	1375
												1400