PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			European Faunal Units	Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian of North America		Permian of China	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cambrian of Siberia			Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Central Paratethys Stages	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Nihewanian								0.0117
		Chibanian															0.129
		Calabrian															0.774
		Gelasian															1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Villanyian						Yushean						Tertiary †		2.58
		Piacenzian	Ruscinian														3.1 *
		Zanclean															3.6
		Zanclean							Baodean								4.9
	Miocene	Messinian	Turolian														5.333
		Tortonian	Turolian											Pannonian			7.246
			Vallesian														8.7
			Vallesian						Tunggurian								11.1
		Serravallian	Astaracian											Sarmatian			11.63
		Serravallian												Badenian			12.8 *
		Langhian							Shanwangian								13.82
		Burdigalian	Orleanian						Shanwangian								15.98
			Orleanian						Xiejiaan								16.9
			Agenian														20
		Aquitanian	Agenian														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
		Bartonian															37.71
		Lutetian															41.2
		Ypresian															47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian															56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
		Kimmeridgian															149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian															168.2
		Aalenian															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Pliensbachian															184.2
		Sinemurian															192.9
		Hettangian															199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
		Norian															208.5
		Carnian															227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan															251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Meishanian									251.902
		Changhsingian						Baoqingian									253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian						Laoshanian								Longtanian †	254.14
				Tatarian	Vyatkian			Laoshanian									256.8 *
					Vyatkian			Laibinian									257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Severodvinian	Capitanian		Lengwuan									259.51
		Wordian			Urzhumian	Wordian	Kuhfengian	264.28
		Roadian		Kazanian	Povolzhian	Roadian		266.9
		Roadian		Kazanian	Sokian	Roadian		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	Leonardian	Cathedralian	Luodianian		273.01
					Filipovian					276.5 *
					Saraninian					280.1 *
					Saraninian		Hessian			281.9 *
		Artinskian		Artinskian	Sarginian					283.5
					Sarginian			Longlinian		285.4 *
					Irginian					285.9 *
					Irginian	Wolfcampian	Lenoxian			286.1 *
					Burtsevian					287.8 *
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian					290.1
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Tastubian					291.7 *
		Asselian		Asselian	Shikhanian		Nealian	Zisongian		293.52
					Uskalykian					294.8
					Surenian					297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
		Gzhelian								300.1
		Kasimovian	303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian	445.2
		Sandbian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
		Tremadocian	Ungurian						477.7
		Tremadocian	Ungurian						Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Batyrbaian						Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Batyrbaian	485.4
		Jiangshanian	Batyrbaian								Batyrbaian	489.5
			Aksaian								Aksaian	490.7 *
			Sakian								Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian										494
		Paibian								Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian								Ayusokkanian	Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian	Mayan/Menevian										499.5
		Drumian									Zhanaarykian		500.5
		Drumian									Tuesaian		503
		Wuliuan	Amgan/Solvan								Tuesaian		Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan											Stage 5 †	505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4												509
			Toyonian						Lenian †		Toyonian			510 *
			Botomian								Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian								Botomian			514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian								Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian								Tommotian			521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian											525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian						Manykaian †					529
																	538.8