PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					European Faunal Units	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Cambrian of Britain		Permian of the Pamirs	Obsolete Precambrian Ages	Cambrian of China
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Villanyian								2.58
				Piacenzian	Ruscinian								3.1 *
				Zanclean	Ruscinian								3.6
			Miocene	Messinian	Turolian								5.333
				Tortonian	Turolian								7.246
				Tortonian	Vallesian								8.7
				Serravallian	Astaracian								11.63
				Langhian	Astaracian								13.82
				Burdigalian	Orleanian								15.98
				Burdigalian	Agenian								20
				Aquitanian	Agenian								20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian									27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
				Bartonian									37.71
				Lutetian									41.2
				Ypresian									47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian									56
				Selandian									59.2
				Danian									61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Lancian/Edmontonian							66
				Campanian		Judithian/Aquilan							72.1
				Santonian									83.6
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
				Cenomanian									93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
				Aptian									113
				Barremian									121.4
				Hauterivian									125.77
				Valanginian									132.6
				Berriasian									139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
				Kimmeridgian									149.2
				Oxfordian									154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
				Bathonian									165.3
				Bajocian									168.2
				Aalenian									170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
				Pliensbachian									184.2
				Sinemurian									192.9
				Hettangian									199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
				Norian									208.5
				Carnian									227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan									251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Dorashamian				251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Dzhulfian				254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian					Midian				259.51
				Wordian					Midian				264.28
				Wordian					Murgabian				266.2 *
				Roadian					Murgabian				266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian					Kubergandian				273.01
				Kungurian					Bolorian				279.8
				Artinskian					Bolorian				283.5
				Artinskian					Yakhtashian				286
				Sakmarian					Sakmarian				290.1
				Asselian					Asselian				293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									298.9
				Kasimovian									303.7
Moscovian				307
Bashkirian				315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
		Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
			Aeronian	438.5
			Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian	445.2
			Sandbian	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian	470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10	Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
			Stage 10		Festiniogian	Niuchehean		489.2 *
			Jiangshanian		Festiniogian	Jiangshanian		489.5
			Jiangshanian		Maentwrogian	Jiangshanian		493.1 *
			Paibian			Paibian		494
			Paibian			Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	St Davids		Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
			Drumian			Drumian	Wangcunian †	500.5
			Wuliuan			Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	Caerfai		Duyunian		509
		Series 2	Stage 3			Nangaoian		514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Meishucunian		521
			Fortunian			Meishucunian		529
			Fortunian			Jinnigian		530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian †		Poundian †	Vendian	538.8
		Ediacaran						Vendian †		Wonokan †	Vendian	571.7 *
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian									Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau	1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian									Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian									Burzyan	1375
													1400