PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian Epochs	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of Australia	Ordovician of the Baltic					Carboniferous of Western Europe
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Wanganui	Haweran											0
				Northgrippian														0.0042
				Greenlandian														0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
				Chibanian														0.129
				Chibanian			Castlecliffian											0.34
				Calabrian			Castlecliffian											0.774
				Calabrian			Nukumaruan											1.63
				Gelasian			Nukumaruan											1.8
				Gelasian			Mangapanian											2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Mangapanian	Tertiary †										2.58
				Piacenzian			Waipipian											3
				Zanclean			Waipipian											3.6
				Zanclean			Opoitian											3.7
			Miocene	Messinian		Taranaki	Kapitean											5.333
				Messinian			Tongaporutuan											7.2
				Tortonian			Tongaporutuan											7.246
				Tortonian		Southland	Waiauan											11.04
				Serravallian			Waiauan											11.63
				Serravallian			Lillburnian											13.05
				Langhian			Lillburnian											13.82
							Clifdenian											15.1
						Pareora	Altonian											15.9
				Burdigalian			Altonian											15.98
				Burdigalian			Otaian											18.7
				Aquitanian			Otaian											20.44
				Aquitanian		Landon	Waitakian											21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Waitakian											23.03
							Duntroonian											25.2
							Whaingaroan											27.3
				Rupelian														27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
						Arnold	Runangan											34.6
							Kaiatan											36.7
				Bartonian			Kaiatan											37.71
				Bartonian			Bortonian											39.1
				Lutetian			Bortonian											41.2
						Dannevirke	Porangan											42.6
							Heretaungan											45.7
				Ypresian			Heretaungan											47.8
							Mangaorapan											48.9
							Waipawan											52
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Teurian											56
				Selandian														59.2
				Danian														61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian											66
				Campanian			Haumurian											72.1
				Santonian			Piripauan											83.6
				Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan											86.1
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
							Mangaotanean											90.5
							Arowhanan											93.7
				Cenomanian			Arowhanan											93.9
						Clarence	Ngaterian											95.2
							Motuan											99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan											100.5
							Urutawan											103.3
						Taitai	Korangan											108.4
				Aptian			Korangan											113
				Aptian														117.5
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian			Capitanian			259.51
			Wordian			Wordian			264.28
			Roadian			Roadian			266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			Leonardian			Cathedralian	273.01
			Kungurian						Hessian	281.9 *
			Artinskian						Hessian	283.5
			Artinskian			Wolfcampian			Lenoxian	286.1 *
			Sakmarian						Lenoxian	290.1
			Asselian						Nealian	Bursumian †	293.52
			Asselian						Nealian	Bursumian †	Kuzel	297.7
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Virgilian	Kuzel	298.9
											Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
												Stephanian B	300.9 *
												Stephanian A	301.4 *
			Kasimovian							Missourian		Stephanian A	303.7
										Missourian		Cantabrian	305 *
										Desmoinesian			305.9 *
			Moscovian										307
											Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
												Westphalian C	309.8
										Atokan		Westphalian C	312.7 *
												Westphalian B	314.6
			Bashkirian									Westphalian B	315.2
												Westphalian A	317 *
								Morrowan		318.4 *		Westphalian A
										Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
											Marsdenian	320.2 *
											Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
											Alportian	322 *
											Chokierian	323.1 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Chesterian			Chokierian	323.2
											Arnsbergian	324 *
											Pendleian	327.4 *
			Visean							Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
								Meramecian		Warnantian	Brigantian †	335.8 *
										Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
										Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
								Osagean		Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	343.1 *
			Tournaisian					Osagean		Ivorian		346.7
							Kinderhookian	351.9 *		Ivorian
							Kinderhookian	Hastarian		353.7 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian							Adorf		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian							Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian						387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian						393.3
			Pragian	Siegen						407.6
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine						410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
			Aeronian							438.5
			Rhuddanian							440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Bolindian		Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian							Bolindian			Pirgu	445.2
										Eastonian			Pirgu	449 *
													Vormsi	449.6 *
													Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
												Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
Gisbornian										Oandu			452 *
			Sandbian							Keila			Idavere †	453
					Haljala					453.9
					Kukruse					456.4 *
					Uhaku					Aluoja †			457.5 *
Middle Ordovician		Darriwilian	Darriwilian		Uhaku								458.4
					Lasnamagi								458.9 *
					Aseri								460.4 *
					Oeland							Kunda	462.9 *
										Valaste †/Hunderum		Kunda	464.3 *
												Volkhov	Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian	Yapeenian											467.3
			Castlemainian			468.5 *
			Castlemainian			Billingen			469.3 *
Early Ordovician		Floian	Chewtonian						470
			Chewtonian						Latorp †			470.1 *
			Bendigonian									471.8 *
			Lancefieldian									473.5 *
						Hunneberg						473.7 *
		Tremadocian				Hunneberg						477.7
						Varangu						481.3 *
						Pakerort						482.2 *
			Warendian									482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Late Cambrian										485.4
													486.3 *
													486.5
		Jiangshanian											489.5
		Paibian											494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Middle Cambrian										Series 3 †	497
		Drumian												500.5
		Wuliuan												Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Early Cambrian												509
	Series 2	Stage 3													514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian													529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian															635
		Tonian															720
		Tonian														Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian														Karatau	1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian					1100
		Ectasian									Yurmatian					1200
		Ectasian									Burzyan					1375
																		1400