PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian Epochs	Carboniferous Subepochs	Central Paratethys Stages	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Carboniferous of North America	Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Permian of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Late Pleistocene							0.0117
				Chibanian							Middle Pleistocene							0.129
				Calabrian							Early Pleistocene							0.774
				Gelasian							Early Pleistocene							1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Late Pliocene							2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean							Early Pliocene							3.6
			Miocene	Messinian							Late Miocene							5.333
				Tortonian			Pannonian				Late Miocene							7.246
				Serravallian			Sarmatian				Middle Miocene							11.63
				Serravallian			Badenian											12.8 *
				Langhian														13.82
				Burdigalian							Early Miocene							15.98
				Aquitanian							Early Miocene							20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Late Oligocene							23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian							Early Oligocene							27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian							Late Eocene							33.9
				Bartonian							Middle Eocene							37.71
				Lutetian							Middle Eocene							41.2
				Ypresian							Early Eocene							47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian							Late Paleocene							56
				Selandian							Middle Paleocene							59.2
				Danian							Early Paleocene							61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
				Campanian														72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
				Kimmeridgian														149.2
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Pliensbachian														184.2
				Sinemurian														192.9
				Hettangian														199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
				Norian														208.5
				Carnian														227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian														251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian														254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian												Capitanian		259.51
				Wordian												Wordian		264.28
				Roadian												Roadian		266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian												Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
				Kungurian													Hessian	281.9 *
				Artinskian													Hessian	283.5
				Artinskian												Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
				Sakmarian													Lenoxian	290.1
				Asselian						Bursumian †							Nealian	293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Late Pennsylvanian				Virgilian								298.9
Kasimovian				Missourian	303.7
Kasimovian				Desmoinesian	305.9 *
Moscovian				Desmoinesian	Middle Pennsylvanian	307
Moscovian				Atokan	Middle Pennsylvanian	312.7 *
Bashkirian				Atokan	Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
Bashkirian				Morrowan	Early Pennsylvanian	318.4 *
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian	Chesterian	323.2
			Visean	Middle Mississippian	Chesterian	330.9
					Meramecian	335.8 *
					Osagean	343.1 *
			Tournaisian	Early Mississippian	Osagean	346.7
			Tournaisian	Early Mississippian	Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
			Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			Gleedonian	427.4
			Homerian			Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Kosovian	443.8
			Katian				Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian				Berounian		449.7 *
			Sandbian						453
									Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
								Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
							Dobrotivian				458.5 *
							Oretanian				459.7 *
								Sarka †			461.7 *
			Dapingian					Klabava †			467.3
			Dapingian				Arenigian				468
		Early Ordovician	Floian				Arenigian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10				Late Cambrian					485.4
			Jiangshanian									489.5
			Paibian									494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Middle Cambrian					497
			Drumian									500.5
			Wuliuan									504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4				Early Cambrian					509
		Series 2	Stage 3									514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																		635